Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction

To explain:

How the use of DNP causes weight loss and death.

Concept introduction:

DNP stand for dinitrophenol. It is a chemical associated with weight loss as it increases the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body. However, it has many side effects like hyperthermia, tachycardia and is also fatal.

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The production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an organic compound that 'undoes' the hydrogen ion concentration gradient without the production of ATP. It does this by increasing the membrane permeability to hydrogen ions. One use of DNP is as a herbicide.For a brief period in the 1930s, DNP was marketed as a diet pill. Because DNP prevents the production of ATP, the human body will begin to use alternate forms of energy. The result is an increase in the metabolism of fats in the body, thus reducing total body fat. In the presence of DNP, the energy that normally would be converted to ATP for use in the cells is converted to heat instead, causing dangerously high body temperatures.DNP is classified as an illegal substance in Canada and the U.S. although it is still marketed as a commercial chemical. In recent years, several deaths have been reported, primarily in the…
Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane "leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight- loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane? Why do you think this might be an effective weight-loss drug? Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix ATP Synthase ADP Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)
Classify each of the following examples as: (1) potential energy, (2) kinetic energy, or (3) a transformation of energy DOD electron transport causes hydrogen ions (H+) to accumulate in a membrane-enclosed compartment sunlight heat ATP supplies one of its phosphates to a membrane protein, activating it so that it can transport a specific molecule glucose (a monosaccharide sugar with the chemical formula C6H1206) 1. potential energy 2. kinetic energy 3. energy transformation
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