Chapter 7, Problem 105QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis electron dot structure for three compounds having molecular formula ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ should be given.

Concept Introduction:

• Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the chemical bonding of covalently bonded molecules and coordination compounds.
• It is also known as Lewis dot structures which represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
• The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometric isomers have to be identified and labelled.

Concept Introduction:

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism:

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the double bond while in the trans isomer the groups are attached on the opposite sides.

Simple representation of cis and Trans isomer is,

.