Explanation Genetically modified (or GM) plants have attracted a large amount of media attention in recent years and continue to do so. Despite this, the general public remains largely unaware of what a GM plant actually is or what advantages and disadvantages the technology has to offer, particularly with regard to the range of applications for which they can be used. To facilitate the transformation process, a selectable marker gene conferring, for example, resistance to an antibiotic is often co-transferred with the gene of interest to allow discrimination of GM tissue and regeneration of GM plants. Critics of the technology have stated that there is a risk of the spread of antibiotic resistance to the bacterial population either in the soil or in the human gut after ingestion of GM food. However, these antibiotic resistance genes were initially isolated from bacteria and are already widespread in the bacterial population. Studies have concluded that the probability of transmission of antibiotic resistance from plants to bacteria is extremely low and that the hazard occurring from any such transfer is, at worst, slight. Nevertheless, other selection strategies that do not rely on antibiotic resistance have been developed, and procedures to eliminate the selectable marker from the plant genome once its purpose has been fulfilled have also been designed The second aspect of the plant transformation procedure that has been criticized is that unnecessary DNA is transferred into the plant genome as a consequence of the engineering and transfer process. Of course, there is no reason that DNA should be harmful, as it is consumed by humans in all foods, but again plant technologists have responded to the criticism by designing ‘minimal cassettes’ in which only the gene of interest is transferred into the plant Finally, it has been claimed that GM plants carry more mutations than their untransformed counterparts as a result of the production method. Genome-wide mutations may be produced by the tissue culture process, generating so called soma clonal variation, and endogenous DNA rearrangements may occur around the integrated transgene. It is described as it must be emphasized that GM crops grown to date have been produced under rigorous regulatory frameworks, and have been extensively safety tested prior to commercialization. However, as described in this report, it must be emphasized that GM crops grown to date have been produced under rigorous regulatory frameworks, and have been extensively safety tested prior to commercialization...

15th Edition

ISBN: 9781269927116

Author: Bennett

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 6.D, Problem 52E

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To see if genetically modified food is safe for human consumption and for environment and describe it as an example of hypothesis test.

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Chapter 6.D, Problem 51E

Chapter 6.D, Problem 53E

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