Chapter 6.8, Problem 6.13P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate of the reaction between $0.5\text{M}$ $1-\text{bromobutane}$ and the changed concentration of sodium methoxide, that is $2.0\text{M}$ instead of $1.0\text{M}$ ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$, is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction.

The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction. It includes the bond-making and bond-breaking steps. This is a one-step reaction in which both nucleophile and substrate participate in the rate determining step.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactants, the transition state, and the products for the reaction between $1-\text{bromobutane}$ and excess of ammonia are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction.

The nucleophilic reaction that contains only a substrate as a reactant and not a nucleophile, which means a unimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants, which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction. It includes the bond-making and bond-breaking steps. This is a one-step reaction in which both nucleophile and substrate participate in the rate determining step.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The different ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction that involves different combination of an alkoxide and an alkyl bromide that produces $1-\text{methoxybutane}$ is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction.

The nucleophilic reaction that contains only a substrate as a reactant and not a nucleophile, which means a unimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants, which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction. It includes the bond-making and bond-breaking steps. This is a one-step reaction in which both nucleophile and substrate participate in the rate determining step.