Chapter 6.8, Problem 12PTS

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

 (b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

 (c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(d).

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

 (e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrow pushing pattern should be identified for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Leaving groups can be neutral molecules or anions, neutral molecules or anions depart with the pair of electron in heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation: Carbocation is a positive charged species and vital intermediate in organic synthesis and its movement depends on the stability of the intermediate and the product formation, this type of rearrangement is called carbocation rearrangement.

Nucleophile: A Nucleophile carries electron pair (negative charged anion) on the molecule. And it attacks the positive charged ions to form a chemical bond in reaction.

Proton transfer: proton transfer is hydride ion ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) transfer, proton transfer can be intermolecular fashion (between the molecule) or intramolecular fashion (with in the molecule).

According to acid base theory a proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) donor is acid, proton ( ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$) acceptor is called as base.

The Michael reaction or Michael addition: carbanion or another nucleophile addition of a to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.