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Exercises 11–15 refer to diagnostic tests. A false negative in a diagnostic test is a test result that is negative even though the patient has the condition. A false positive, on the other hand, is a test result that is positive although the patient does not have the condition.
Mammogram Accuracy The New York Times of January 24, 1997, discussed the recommendation of a special panel concerning mammograms for women in their 40s. About 2% of women aged 40 to 49 years old develop breast cancer in their 40s. But the mammogram used for women in that age group has a high rate of false positives and false negatives; the false positive rate is .30, and the false negative rate is .25. If a woman in her 40s has a positive mammogram, what is the probability that she actually has breast cancer?
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- Refer to page 100 for problems on graph theory and linear algebra. Instructions: • Analyze the adjacency matrix of a given graph to find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. • Interpret the eigenvalues in the context of graph properties like connectivity or clustering. Discuss applications of spectral graph theory in network analysis. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 110 for problems on optimization. Instructions: Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima. • Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution. . Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 140 for problems on infinite sets. Instructions: • Compare the cardinalities of given sets and classify them as finite, countable, or uncountable. • Prove or disprove the equivalence of two sets using bijections. • Discuss the implications of Cantor's theorem on real-world computation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 120 for problems on numerical computation. Instructions: • Analyze the sources of error in a given numerical method (e.g., round-off, truncation). • Compute the error bounds for approximating the solution of an equation. • Discuss strategies to minimize error in iterative methods like Newton-Raphson. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 145 for problems on constrained optimization. Instructions: • Solve an optimization problem with constraints using the method of Lagrange multipliers. • • Interpret the significance of the Lagrange multipliers in the given context. Discuss the applications of this method in machine learning or operations research. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardOnly 100% sure experts solve it correct complete solutions okarrow_forward
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