Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6.5, Problem 8LO
Define experimenter bias, demand characteristics, and reactivity, and explain how these artifacts can threaten both internal and external validity.
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Stem 2: 2,4,8
Stem3: 2,4
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Stem5: 0,1,2,3,9
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A poll before the elections showed that in a given sample 79% of people vote for candidate C. How many people should be interviewed so that the pollsters can be 99% sure that from 75% to 83% of the population will vote for candidate C? Round your answer to the whole number.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast the five research...Ch. 6.1 - Define research strategy, research design, and...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of external validity and a...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of internal validity and a...Ch. 6.3 - Identify and explain the common threats to...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how extraneous variables can become...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how environmental variables can be...Ch. 6.5 - Define experimenter bias, demand characteristics,...Ch. 6 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 6 - For each of the following scenarios, identify...
Ch. 6 - How is the descriptive strategy different from the...Ch. 6 - Explain the difference among the terms research...Ch. 6 - A researcher conducts a study with 6-year-old...Ch. 6 - A researcher finds that college students are more...Ch. 6 - Explain how using college students as participants...Ch. 6 - What is the novelty effect, and how does it affect...Ch. 6 - Suppose that you wake up in the morning with all...Ch. 6 - What is the primary threat to internal validity...Ch. 6 - Describe how experimenter bias can be a threat to...Ch. 6 - Describe how participant reactivity can be a...Ch. 6 - Selection bias and individual differences are both...
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- Suppose a random sample of 459 married couples found that 307 had two or more personality preferences in common. In another random sample of 471 married couples, it was found that only 31 had no preferences in common. Let p1 be the population proportion of all married couples who have two or more personality preferences in common. Let p2 be the population proportion of all married couples who have no personality preferences in common. Find a95% confidence interval for . Round your answer to three decimal places.arrow_forwardA history teacher interviewed a random sample of 80 students about their preferences in learning activities outside of school and whether they are considering watching a historical movie at the cinema. 69 answered that they would like to go to the cinema. Let p represent the proportion of students who want to watch a historical movie. Determine the maximal margin of error. Use α = 0.05. Round your answer to three decimal places. arrow_forwardA random sample of medical files is used to estimate the proportion p of all people who have blood type B. If you have no preliminary estimate for p, how many medical files should you include in a random sample in order to be 99% sure that the point estimate will be within a distance of 0.07 from p? Round your answer to the next higher whole number.arrow_forward
- A clinical study is designed to assess the average length of hospital stay of patients who underwent surgery. A preliminary study of a random sample of 70 surgery patients’ records showed that the standard deviation of the lengths of stay of all surgery patients is 7.5 days. How large should a sample to estimate the desired mean to within 1 day at 95% confidence? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forwardA clinical study is designed to assess the average length of hospital stay of patients who underwent surgery. A preliminary study of a random sample of 70 surgery patients’ records showed that the standard deviation of the lengths of stay of all surgery patients is 7.5 days. How large should a sample to estimate the desired mean to within 1 day at 95% confidence? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forwardIn the experiment a sample of subjects is drawn of people who have an elbow surgery. Each of the people included in the sample was interviewed about their health status and measurements were taken before and after surgery. Are the measurements before and after the operation independent or dependent samples?arrow_forward
- iid 1. The CLT provides an approximate sampling distribution for the arithmetic average Ỹ of a random sample Y₁, . . ., Yn f(y). The parameters of the approximate sampling distribution depend on the mean and variance of the underlying random variables (i.e., the population mean and variance). The approximation can be written to emphasize this, using the expec- tation and variance of one of the random variables in the sample instead of the parameters μ, 02: YNEY, · (1 (EY,, varyi n For the following population distributions f, write the approximate distribution of the sample mean. (a) Exponential with rate ẞ: f(y) = ß exp{−ßy} 1 (b) Chi-square with degrees of freedom: f(y) = ( 4 ) 2 y = exp { — ½/ } г( (c) Poisson with rate λ: P(Y = y) = exp(-\} > y! y²arrow_forward2. Let Y₁,……., Y be a random sample with common mean μ and common variance σ². Use the CLT to write an expression approximating the CDF P(Ỹ ≤ x) in terms of µ, σ² and n, and the standard normal CDF Fz(·).arrow_forwardmatharrow_forward
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