CUSTOM LAB MANUAL FOR BIOLOGY 1406 >I<
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780130771643
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 6.1, Problem 1CYP
Provide an example of a converstion from potential to kinetic energy.
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- Describe the five phases of potential action?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium potential for a given ion (Eion) is a theoretical value. For a given concentration gradient of an ion, the equilibrium potential is the charge inside the cell required to hold an ion at that concentration. That is, it is the charge required to perfectly oppose the drive of the ion to move down its concentration gradient. So, if the concentration of Nat is higher outside the cell than inside, its equilibrium potential (ENa) must be I and if we add more sodium to the extracellular fluid, then ENa will II.arrow_forwardThe inward movement of which ionic species is largely responsible for the rising phase of an action potential? asaparrow_forward
- a)The distribution of sodium ions across the cell membrane of a neuron is 20 mmol/L inside the cell and 200 mmol/L outside the cell. When the system reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sodium ions will be identical on both sides of the cell membrane. What is the standard Gibbs energy difference in the system? Assume the system is at body temperature (37 °C). b)What is the Gibbs energy difference across the membrane in the initial state (prior to reaching equilibrium)?arrow_forwardControl and coordination are functions of?arrow_forwardIf the resting membrane potential of a cell was +70 mV, the ELECTRICAL driving force on sodium would be: Group of answer choices into the neuron out of the neuron balancedarrow_forward
- Differentiate between a concentration gradient and an electrical potential?arrow_forwardWith regard to Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials and the resting and active membrane potentials, write down (a- D the directions of the forces indicated, acting on the ion in the table below under the respective condition(s). NB the examples given. lon Condition Electrical/Chemical force Direction of force Chemical e.g....inward.. ****** Na ENa+ = + 60 mV Electrical a. Chemical e.g. ...outward.. EK+ =- 90 mV Electrical b. Chemical C. Na" Emp = 0 mV Electrical d. Chemical K+ Emp =-20 mV Electricalarrow_forwardYou have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.arrow_forward
- describe what the resting membrane potential of a cell is. What is the resting membrane potential of neurons (give units)? What are the two factors that generate the resting membrane potential? Think of scenarios that change the factors that generate the resting membrane potential and how that would change the overall resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardThe membrane potential caused by differences in ions across the plasma membrane of an electrically excitable cell (when not stimulated) is called: action potential resting membrane potential graded potential local potentialarrow_forwardGive one biological molecule and discuss briefly the intermolecular forces of attraction involvedarrow_forward
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