Chapter 6, Problem 6.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction will go to the right or to left when ${\text{F}}_2$ is added has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Reaction quotient (Q): It is defined as the ratio between concentration of the product and concentration of the reactant.

$\text{Q =}\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}}$

This value used to know about the direction of the reaction is going to proceed.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the products are added or the reactants are removed, the reaction goes to left.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the reactants are added or products are removed, the reaction goes to right.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction will go to the right or to left when bacteria is added has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Reaction quotient (Q): It is defined as the ratio between concentration of the product and concentration of the reactant.

$\text{Q =}\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}}$

This value used to know about the direction of the reaction is going to proceed.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the products are added or the reactants are removed, the reaction goes to left.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the reactants are added or products are removed, the reaction goes to right.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction will go to the right or to left when solid graphite is added has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Reaction quotient (Q): It is defined as the ratio between concentration of the product and concentration of the reactant.

$\text{Q =}\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}}$

This value used to know about the direction of the reaction is going to proceed.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the products are added or the reactants are removed, the reaction goes to left.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the reactants are added or products are removed, the reaction goes to right.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction will go to the right or to left when the vessel is crushed to one-eight of its original volume has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Reaction quotient (Q): It is defined as the ratio between concentration of the product and concentration of the reactant.

$\text{Q =}\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}}$

This value used to know about the direction of the reaction is going to proceed.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the products are added or the reactants are removed, the reaction goes to left.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the reactants are added or products are removed, the reaction goes to right.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant become larger or smaller when vessel is heated has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Reaction quotient (Q): It is defined as the ratio between concentration of the product and concentration of the reactant.

$\text{Q =}\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}}$

This value used to know about the direction of the reaction is going to proceed.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the products are added or the reactants are removed, the reaction goes to left.

If the reaction is at equilibrium, the reactants are added or products are removed, the reaction goes to right.

For endothermic reaction, the equilibrium constant increases if the temperature is increased.