Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual
Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285257594
Author: David W. Ball
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.66E
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each line in the phase diagram, in terms of the derivative it represents, is to be labeled.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram represents the different physical states of a substance at different values of temperature and pressure. In the water, the molar volume of solid is greater than the molar volume of the liquid.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 6.66E

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔfusHTΔV

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔsubHTΔVΔsubHTVgas

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔvapHTΔVΔvapHTVgas

The phase transition between solid phases is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔtransHTΔV

Explanation of Solution

The phase diagram of water shown in Figure 6.6 is shown below.

Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual, Chapter 6, Problem 6.66E

Figure 1

In the given diagram, the total numbers of phase transitions represented are,

1. Gas phase to liquid phase

2. Gas phase to ice phase I

3. Liquid phase to ice phase I

4. Liquid phase to ice phase III

5. Liquid phase to ice phase V

6. Liquid phase to ice phase VI

7. Ice phase I to ice phase II

8. Ice phase I to ice phase III

9. Ice phase II to ice phase III

10. Ice phase II to ice phase V

11. Ice phase III to ice phase V

12. Ice phase V to ice phase VI

Thus, the total number of phase transitions are 12.

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase, that is, ice phase I to liquid phase, ice phase III to liquid phase, ice phase V to liquid phase and ice phase VI to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔfusHTΔV

Where,

 ΔfusH is the enthalpy of fusion.

 ΔV is the change in molar volume.

The phase transition between gas phase to ice phase I is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔsubHTΔVΔsubHTVgas

Where,

 ΔfusH is the enthalpy of sublimation.

 ΔV is the change in molar volume.

The volume of gas is much greater than the volume of solid. Therefore, it can be neglected.

The phase transition between solid phase and liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔvapHTΔVΔvapHTVgas

Where,

 ΔvapH is the enthalpy of vaporization.

 ΔV is the change in molar volume.

The volume of gas is much greater than the volume of liquid. Therefore, it can be neglected.

The phase transition between solid phases is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔtransHTΔV

Where,

 ΔtransH is the enthalpy of phase transition.

 ΔV is the change in molar volume.

Conclusion

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔfusHTΔV

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔsubHTΔVΔsubHTVgas

The phase transition between solid phase to liquid phase is represented by the derivative

(dpdT)=ΔvapHTΔVΔvapHTVgas

The phase transition between solid phases is represented by the derivative,

(dpdT)=ΔtransHTΔV

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual

Ch. 6 - 6.11. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12ECh. 6 - Assume that the vapH of an evaporating liquid...Ch. 6 - 6.14. As a follow-up to the previous exercise,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15ECh. 6 - 6.16. What is for isothermal conversion of liquid...Ch. 6 - 6.17. Estimate the melting point of nickel, Ni,...Ch. 6 - 6.18. Estimate the boiling point of platinum, Pt,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.20ECh. 6 - 6.21. What assumption is used in the integration...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22ECh. 6 - Sulfur, in its cyclic molecular form having the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24ECh. 6 - 6.25. Phosphorus exists as several allotropes that...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.26ECh. 6 - 6.27. What is higher for a substance: its normal...Ch. 6 - 6.28. Elemental gallium is another substance whose...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29ECh. 6 - Consider the sulfur solid-state phase transition...Ch. 6 - 6.31. If it takes mega bars of pressure to change...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32ECh. 6 - Four alcohols have the formula C4H9OH: 1-butanol,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.34ECh. 6 - At 20.0C, the vapor pressure of ethanol is...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.36ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.37ECh. 6 - Ethanol has a density of 0.789g/cm3 and a vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.39ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.40ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.41ECh. 6 - 6.42. At what pressure does the boiling point of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.43ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.44ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.45ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.46ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.47ECh. 6 - 6.48. Explain how glaciers, huge masses of solid...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.50ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.51ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.52ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.53ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.54ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.55ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.56ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.57ECh. 6 - Use the phase diagram of water in Figure 6.6 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.60ECh. 6 - At the triple point of a substance, the vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.62ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.63ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.64ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.65ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.66ECh. 6 - The phase diagram for elemental sulfur is shown in...Ch. 6 - Consider the phase diagram of sulfur in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.69ECh. 6 - Rearrange the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,...
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