
(a)
Interpretation:
The units of surface tension
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the
(a)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
The units of surface tension
Explanation of Solution
At constant pressure and temperature, the equation is represented as shown below.
The unit of surface tension is calculated as follows:
Hence, the units of surface tension is
The units of surface tension
(b)
Interpretation:
The equation 6.26 is to be verified by taking the derivative of
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic quantity that defines the available energy in the system. It is used to describe the spontaneity of the chemical reaction.
(b)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
Explanation of Solution
The volume of the spherical droplet is
Thus, the value of
The area of the spherical droplet is
Thus, the value of
The equation 6.16 is given below.
Where,
•
•
Substitute the value of
Thus, the value of
Similarly, substitute the value of
Thus, the value of
Hence, the equation 6.26 is verified by taking the derivation of
The equation 6.26 is verified by taking the derivation of
(c)
Interpretation:
The new equation in terms of
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic quantity that defines the available energy in the system. It is used to describe the spontaneity of the chemical reaction.
(c)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
The new equation in terms of
Explanation of Solution
The equation 6.16 is given below.
Where,
•
•
At constant pressure and temperature, the equation is represented as shown below.
Substitute the value of
Hence, the new equation in terms of
The new equation in terms of
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether a large droplet radius or a small droplet radius contributes to a large
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic quantity that defines the available energy in the system. It is used to describe the spontaneity of the chemical reaction.
(d)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
The small droplet radius contributes to a large
Explanation of Solution
The spontaneous change in phase is accompanied by a positive value of
The small droplet radius contributes to a large
(e)
Interpretation:
The droplet which evaporates faster is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic quantity that defines the available energy in the system. It is used to describe the spontaneity of the chemical reaction.
(e)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
The small droplet evaporates faster because at this stage the
Explanation of Solution
Evaporation is a process in which the water molecule at the surface evaporates and converts into gas phase.
The size of the droplet decreases when it evaporates. Thus, the value of
The small droplet evaporates faster because at this stage the value of
(f)
Interpretation:
The validation of the method of delivery of many perfumes and colognes via so-called atomizers is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy is the thermodynamic quantity that defines the available energy in the system. It is used to describe the spontaneity of the chemical reaction.
(f)

Answer to Problem 6.46E
The small droplets have tendency to move faster and diffuses the perfumes and colognes via so-called atomizers over a large area.
Explanation of Solution
The atomizers are the devices that emit a liquid into a large area. The small droplets evaporate faster than the large droplets. Thus, the small droplets have the tendency to move faster. Hence, the small droplets produced by the perfume will diffuse over a large area.
The small droplets have tendency to move faster and diffuse the perfumes and colognes via so-called atomizers over a large area.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
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