Chapter 6, Problem 6.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Appropriate products are to be drawn for the given proton transfer reaction with curved arrow notation.

Concept introduction:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted-Lowry acid to a Bronsted-Lowry base in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is, bond or the region where the bond is formed if the new bond is a bond. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton.

Answer to Problem 6.38P

For the given proton transfer reaction, the products are as shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The curved arrow notation for the given proton transfer reaction is shown below:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from the Bronsted-Lowry acid to the Bronsted-Lowry base. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. The head of the arrow pointing to the atom shows the transfer of valence electrons to form a new single bond. In the above reaction, one curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair on O to the H on the other reactant, so it illustrates the formation of a new $\text{O-H}$ bond in the first reactant. The tail of the second arrow originates from the center of $\text{O-H}$ bond, so it illustrate the breaking of that bond, and it points to the O atom, showing that those electrons end up as a lone pair on O of the second reactant. Therefore, for the given proton transfer reaction, the products are as drawn below:

Conclusion

The products of the given proton transfer reaction are drawn on the basis of the curved arrow notation that shows breaking and formation of bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Appropriate products are to be drawn for the given proton transfer reaction with curved arrow notation.

Concept introduction:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted-Lowry acid to a Bronsted-Lowry base in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is, bond or the region where the bond is formed if the new bond is a bond. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton.

Answer to Problem 6.38P

For the given proton transfer reaction the products are drawn as below.

Explanation of Solution

The curved arrow notation for the given proton transfer reaction is shown below:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from the Bronsted-Lowry acid to the Bronsted-Lowry base. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. The head of the arrow pointing to atom shows the transfer of valence electrons to form a new single bond. In the above reaction, one curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair on H to the H of the first reactant, so it illustrates the formation of a new $\text{H-H}$ bond in the second reactant. The tail of the second arrow originates from the center of the $\text{S-H}$ bond, so it illustrates the breaking of that bond, and it points to the S atom, showing that those electrons end up as a lone pair on S of the first reactant. Therefore, for the given proton transfer reaction, the products are as drawn below:

Conclusion

The products of the given proton transfer reaction are drawn on the basis of the curved arrow notation that shows breaking and formation of bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Appropriate products are to be drawn for the given proton transfer reaction with curved arrow notation.

Concept introduction:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted-Lowry acid to a Bronsted-Lowry base in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is, bond or the region where the bond is formed if the new bond is a bond. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton.

Answer to Problem 6.38P

For the given proton transfer reaction, the products are drawn as below.

Explanation of Solution

The curved arrow notation for the given proton transfer reaction is shown below:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from the Bronsted-Lowry acid to the Bronsted-Lowry base. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. The head of the arrow pointing to an atom shows the transfer of valence electrons to form a new single bond. In the above reaction, one curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair on N to the H of the second reactant, so it illustrates the formation of a new $\text{N-H}$ bond in the first reactant. The tail of the second arrow originates from the center of the $\text{O-H}$ bond, so it illustrates the breaking of that bond, and it points to the O atom, showing that those electrons end up as a lone pair on the O of the second reactant. Therefore, for the given proton transfer reaction, the products are as drawn below:

Conclusion

The products of the given proton transfer reaction are drawn on the basis of the curved arrow notation that shows breaking and formation of bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Appropriate products are to be drawn for the given proton transfer reaction with curved arrow notation.

Concept introduction:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted-Lowry acid to a Bronsted-Lowry base in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is, bond or the region where the bond is formed if the new bond is a bond. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton.

Answer to Problem 6.38P

For the given proton transfer reaction, the products are drawn as below.

Explanation of Solution

The curved arrow notation for the given proton transfer reaction are shown below:

In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from the Bronsted-Lowry acid to the Bronsted-Lowry base. The movement of two valence electrons is shown by curved arrow. The head of the arrow pointing to an atom shows the transfer of valence electrons to form a new single bond. In the above reaction, one curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair on O to the H of the first reactant, so it illustrates the formation of a new $\text{O-H}$ bond in the second reactant. The tail of the second arrow originates from the center of the $\text{O-H}$ bond, so it illustratea the breaking of that bond, and it points to the O atom, showing that those electrons end up as a lone pair on the O of the first reactant. Therefore, For the given proton transfer reaction, the products are drawn as below:

Conclusion

The products of the given proton transfer reaction are drawn on the basis of the curved arrow notation that shows breaking and formation of bonds.