Database Concepts (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134601533
Author: David M. Kroenke, David J. Auer, Scott L. Vandenberg, Robert C. Yoder
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 6, Problem 6.21RQ
Explanation of Solution
ACID:
The acronym stands for “Atomicity”, “Consistency”, “Isolation” and “Durability”. It is an important concept of DBMS which allows sharing of data safely. It is applied to all the transactions.
Atomicity:
Atomicity describes the first ACID property. This phase in atomicity specifies “all or nothing” that is when an update occurs either all the transactions are committed to the
- Only a fragment of the update cannot be done into the database.
- It is retained in the presence of deadlocks
- It is maintained in the presence of database software failure or the application software failure.
- It is carried over when there is a disk failure or CPU failure.
Consistency:
This ensures that the transaction proceeds to the valid state of data or if any failure occurs it returns all the data to its state at the point where the transaction begins...
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Implementation of an Integrated Inventory Management System at Green Fields Manufacturing” Green Fields Manufacturing is a mid-sized company specialising in eco-friendly home and garden products. In recent years, growing demand has exposed the limitations of their fragmented processes and outdated systems. Different departments manage production schedules, raw material requirements, and finished goods inventory using a patchwork of spreadsheets and older software tools. These silos create inconsistent data, errors in stock levels, delivery delays, and customer dissatisfaction. Green Fields plans to implement an Integrated Inventory Management System to centralise production, procurement, inventory, and sales data to address these challenges. This technology aims to provide real-time visibility into stock levels, automate reorder points, and generate analytical dashboards for managers at both operational and strategic levels. Ultimately, the new system will streamline workflows, reduce…
. Differentiate between continuous and discrete systems. How does their nature affect the selection of simulation techniques?
hi, I need help to resolve the case, thank you
Chapter 6 Solutions
Database Concepts (8th Edition)
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1RQCh. 6 - Explain how database administration tasks vary...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.8RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.9RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.10RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.11RQ
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.13RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.14RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.15RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.16RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.17RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.18RQCh. 6 - Explain the benefits of marking transaction...Ch. 6 - Explain the use of the SQL transaction control...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.21RQCh. 6 - Describe statement-level consistency.Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.23RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.24RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.25RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.26RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.27RQCh. 6 - Explain what serializable isolation level is. Give...Ch. 6 - Explain the term cursor.Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.30RQCh. 6 - What is the advantage of using different types of...Ch. 6 - Explain forward-only cursors. Give an example of...Ch. 6 - Explain static cursors. Give an example of their...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.34RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.36RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.37RQCh. 6 - Describe the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.41RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.42RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.44RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.45RQCh. 6 - What is the advantage of making frequent...Ch. 6 - Summarize a DBAs responsibilities for managing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.48RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.49RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6.50E
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, computer-science and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The following table shows the timestamp and actions by two users. Choose the best option that describes the outcome of the actions. Time JohnSara 10:14 select* from hr.employees; 10:15 Update hr.employees set salary= 100 where employee_id= 206; 10:16 Commit: Select* from hr.employees; 10:18 Commit: 10:20 Select* from hr.employees; Commit: John's query willreturn the same results all three times it is executed as they are run in the same session. John's queries run at10:16 and10:20 produce the same result, which is different from the one at 10:14 John's query run at 10:16 waits until 10:18 to produce results, waiting for the commit to happen. John's queries run at 10:14 and 10:16 produce the same result, which is different from the one at 10:20arrow_forwardwhat's the process used to obtain IP configuration using DHCP in Windows Server.arrow_forwardConsider the following sequential circuit: CLOCK a. Define the diagram circuit variables (5 pts) b. Derive the Flip-Flop input equations) (5 pts) c. Derive the circuit output equation (5 pts) d. Derive the state table of the circuit (5 pts) e. Derive the state diagram for this circuit (5 pts) Clk A D B B' CIK Question 2 (25 pts) A sequential circuit with two D flip-flops A and B, two inputs x and y, and one output z is specified by the following next-state and output equations: A(t + 1) = xy' + xB B(t + 1) = xA + xB' z = A a. Draw the logic diagram of the circuit. (5 pts) b. List the state table for the sequential circuit. (10 pts) c. Draw the corresponding state diagram. (10 pts)arrow_forward
- 5. Word FrequencyWrite a program that reads the contents of a text file. The program should create a dictio-nary in which the keys are the individual words found in the file and the values are the number of times each word appears. For example, if the word “the” appears 128 times, the dictionary would contain an element with 'the' as the key and 128 as the value. The program should either display the frequency of each word or create a second file containing a list of each word and its frequency.arrow_forward3.) File Encryption and DecryptionWrite a program that uses a dictionary to assign “codes” to each letter of the alphabet. For example: codes = { ‘A’ : ‘%’, ‘a’ : ‘9’, ‘B’ : ‘@’, ‘b’ : ‘#’, etc . . .}Using this example, the letter A would be assigned the symbol %, the letter a would be assigned the number 9, the letter B would be assigned the symbol @, and so forth. The program should open a specified text file, read its contents, then use the dictionary to write an encrypted version of the file’s contents to a second file. Each character in the second file should contain the code for the corresponding character in the first file. Write a second program that opens an encrypted file and displays its decrypted contents on the screen.arrow_forwardReturns an US standard formatted phone number, in the format of (xxx) xxx-xxxx the AreaCode, Prefix and number being each part in order. Testing Hint: We be exact on the format of the number when testing this method. Make sure you think about how to convert 33 to 033 or numbers like that when setting your string format. Reminder the %02d - requires the length to be 2, with 0 padding at the front if a single digit number is passed in.arrow_forward
- The next problem concerns the following C code: /copy input string x to buf */ void foo (char *x) { char buf [8]; strcpy((char *) buf, x); } void callfoo() { } foo("ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA"); Here is the corresponding machine code on a Linux/x86 machine: 0000000000400530 : 400530: 48 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%rsp 400534: 48 89 fe mov %rdi, %rsi 400537: 48 89 e7 mov %rsp,%rdi 40053a: e8 d1 fe ff ff 40053f: 48 83 c4 18 add callq 400410 $0x18,%rsp 400543: c3 retq 0000000000400544 : 400544: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp 400548: bf 00 06 40 00 mov $0x400600,%edi 40054d: e8 de ff ff ff callq 400530 400552: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp 400556: c3 This problem tests your understanding of the program stack. Here are some notes to help you work the problem: • strcpy(char *dst, char *src) copies the string at address src (including the terminating '\0' character) to address dst. It does not check the size of the destination buffer. You will need to know the hex values of the following characters:arrow_forwardA ROP (Return-Oriented Programming) attack can be used to execute arbitrary instructions by chaining together small pieces of code called "gadgets." Your goal is to create a stack layout for a ROP attack that calls a function located at '0x4018bd3'. Below is the assembly code for the function 'getbuf', which allocates 8 bytes of stack space for a 'char' array. This array is then passed to the 'gets' function. Additionally, you are provided with five useful gadgets and their addresses. Use these gadgets to construct the stack layout. Assembly for getbuf 1 getbuf: 2 sub $8, %rsp 3 mov %rsp, %rdi 4 call gets 56 add $8, %rsp ret #Allocate 8 bytes for buffer #Load buffer address into %rdi #Call gets with buffer #Restore the stack pointer #Return to caller. Stack Layout (fill in Gadgets each 8-byte section) Address Gadget Address Value (8 bytes) 0x4006a7 pop %rdi; ret 0x7fffffffdfc0 Ox4006a9 pop %rsi; ret 0x7fffffffdfb8 0x4006ab pop %rax; ret 0x7fffffffdfb0 0x7fffffffdfa8 Ox4006ad mov %rax,…arrow_forwardIn each of the following C code snippets, there are issues that can prevent the compilerfrom applying certain optimizations. For each snippet:• Circle the line number that contains compiler optimization blocker.• Select the best modification to improve optimization.1. Which line prevents compiler optimization? Circle one: 2 3 4 5 6Suggested solution:• Remove printf or move it outside the loop.• Remove the loop.• Replace arr[i] with a constant value.1 int sum( int ∗ ar r , int n) {2 int s = 0 ;3 for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {4 s += a r r [ i ] ;5 p r i n t f ( ”%d\n” , s ) ;6 }7 return s ;8 }2. Which line prevents compiler optimization? Circle one: 2 3 4 5 6Suggested solution:• Move or eliminate do extra work() if it’s not necessary inside the loop.• Remove the loop (but what about scaling?).• Replace arr[i] *= factor; with arr[i] = 0; (why would that help?).1 void s c a l e ( int ∗ ar r , int n , int f a c t o r ) {2 for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {3 a r r [ i ] ∗= f a c t o r…arrow_forward
- 123456 A ROP (Return-Oriented Programming) attack can be used to execute arbitrary instructions by chaining together small pieces of code called "gadgets." Your goal is to create a stack layout for a ROP attack that calls a function located at 'Ox4018bd3'. Below is the assembly code for the function 'getbuf, which allocates 8 bytes of stack space for a 'char' array. This array is then passed to the 'gets' function. Additionally, you are provided with five useful gadgets and their addresses. Use these gadgets to construct the stack layout. Assembly for getbuf 1 getbuf: sub mov $8, %rsp %rsp, %rdi call gets add $8, %rsp 6 ret #Allocate 8 bytes for buffer #Load buffer address into %rdi #Call gets with buffer #Restore the stack pointer #Return to caller Stack each Layout (fill in Gadgets 8-byte section) Address Gadget Address Value (8 bytes) 0x7fffffffdfc0 0x7fffffffdfb8 0x7fffffffdfb0 0x7fffffffdfa8 0x7fffffffdfa0 0x7fffffffdf98 0x7fffffffdf90 0x7fffffffdf88 Original 0x4006a7 pop %rdi;…arrow_forwardCharacter Hex value || Character Hex value | Character Hex value 'A' 0x41 יני Ox4a 'S' 0x53 0x42 'K' 0x4b 'T" 0x54 0x43 'L' Ox4c 0x55 0x44 'M' Ox4d 0x56 0x45 'N' Ox4e 'W' 0x57 0x46 Ox4f 'X' 0x58 0x47 'P' 0x50 'Y' 0x59 'H' 0x48 'Q' 0x51 'Z' Охба 'T' 0x49 'R' 0x52 '\0' 0x00 Now consider what happens on a Linux/x86 machine when callfoo calls foo with the input string "ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA". A. On the left draw the state of the stack just before the execution of the instruction at address Ox40053a; make sure to show the frames for callfoo and foo and the exact return address, in Hex at the bottom of the callfoo frame. Then, on the right, draw the state of the stack just after the instruction got executed; make sure to show where the string "ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA" is placed and what part, if any, of the above return address has been overwritten. B. Immediately after the ret instruction at address 0x400543 executes, what is the value of the program counter register %rip? (That is…arrow_forwardDraw out the way each of these structs looks in memory, including padding! Number the offsets in memory. 1 struct okay Name 2 { short a; 3 4 long number; 5 int also_a_number; 6 7 }; char* text; 1 struct badName 2 { 3 4 5 }; short s; struct okay Name n;arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305627482Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305971776Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage Learning
A Guide to SQLComputer ScienceISBN:9781111527273Author:Philip J. PrattPublisher:Course Technology Ptr
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305627482
Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781285196145
Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos Coronel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305971776
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
A Guide to SQL
Computer Science
ISBN:9781111527273
Author:Philip J. Pratt
Publisher:Course Technology Ptr