Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The LUMO in
Concept Introduction:
▸ Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
▸ Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
▸ Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
▸ Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
▸
▸ The
▸ The
▸ An
▸ The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as
▸
▸ Carbocation is a molecule having a carbon atom bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
▸ Carbocation are generally unstable because they do not have eight electrons to satisfy the octet rule.
▸ The order of stability of carbocation is such that the tertiary carbocation is the most stable whereas the primary carbocation is the least stable, and secondary carbocation lies between primary and tertiary carbocations.
▸ If primary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to secondary or tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
▸ If secondary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
▸ The stability of carbocation:
▸
▸
▸
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Explain the formation of given product during this reaction with mechanism.arrow_forwardProvide illustration/s and in-depth explanation of the difference between the Markovnikov and Anti-Markovnikov additions of HBr to alkene (5 sentences only).arrow_forwardNeed help with this question. Thank you :)arrow_forward
- 2. Isomerization of alkenes can be achieved through conjugate addition of nucleophiles. Examine the reaction below and answer the questions that follow: i) ii) iv) blogg Starting Alkene Alkene Product Give the chemical structure of the Alkene Product that is formed (NB: Show and label the geometry of the Alkene Product). Explain why geometry given in i) above is preferred. What is likely to be the geometry of the Starting Alkene? Give the full mechanism through which the isomerization is likely to occur.arrow_forward.0. For 0.1 M equimolar reaction of CH3COOH + NH3 ----> CH3-CO-O™ + NH4+ How does the concentration of ]? [CH3COOH] compare to that of [CH3-CO-O (a) Equal (b) Greater than (c) Less than) (d) not possible determine aarrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution...arrow_forward
- 4. For the following reactions, develop a transition-state structure using molecular models which would account for the observed stereoselectivity. Also, describe the type of pericyclic reactions using the proper terminology. (each Br heat A & Br b) F 0°C F heat heat d) product? =& & MeO₂C OCH3 H HO 1. CO₂Me مر CO₂Me LOCH3 heat heat MeO₂C HOarrow_forwardThe question is: "Draw the curved arrow mechanism for the reaction between (2S,3S)-3-methylhexan-2-ol and PCl3. Note the specific instructions for each box. Include nonzero formal charges and lone pairs of electrons on all appropriate atoms" I attached screenshots of the picture of the atoms below. What type of reaction (SN1, E1, SN2, or E2) would the reaction be, and how would these molecules interact? The question asks for multiple steps so I am guessing it is either SN1 or E1, but what is the reaction mechanism?arrow_forward1. Show, using the curved arrow notation, the mechanism of alcohol dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol using an acid catalyst to give the minor isomer (ONLY) not shown in the scheme above.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning