Interpretation:
The wedge-dashed wedge-line formulas of both A and B are to be drawn and the change in configuration is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Reaction sequences involve conversion of one functional group to another, which may also require addition or loss of carbon from the reactant.
These sequences involve a number of steps carried out by different reagents. Sometimes different reagents give the same products.
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
An
An
The involvement of nearby nucleophile substituent to the reaction center in the substitution process is known as neighboring group participation.
Such participation results in an increase of
In this participation, two
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ORGANIC CHEM. VOL.1+2-W/WILEYPLUS
- 1. At what position and on what ring would you expect the following substances to undergo electrophilic substitution? (b) CH3 Br lel CH3 2. Rank the compounds in each group according to their reactivity toward electrophilic substitution. (a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, benzene (b) p-Bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol (c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, 0-xylene (d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrilearrow_forwardProvide the starting materials needed to prepare the following compounds:arrow_forwardCiprofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics.(a) Which of its rings are aromatic?(b) Which nitrogen atoms are basic?(c) Which protons would you expect to appear between d 6 and d 8 in the proton NMR spectrum?arrow_forward
- B: complete the following reactions (а) Br CH3 HC1 СОН CH3 (b) HOCH2CH, heat CH2CH2OH + 2HB1arrow_forwardCompound A, C 10H 18O, undergoes reaction with dilute H 2SO 4 at 50 °C to yield a mixture of two alkenes, C 10H 16. The major alkene B, gives only cyclopentanone after ozone treatment followed by reduction with zinc in acetic acid. Which of the following reactions are correct. Can be more than one answerarrow_forward4-44 Draw the important resonance forms of the following free radicals. (a) CH₂=CH-CH₂ (b) (d) (e) -CH₂ (c) (f) CH₂-C-0.arrow_forward
- Do the reactions and he explains why.arrow_forwardThe reaction of 1-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide in ethanol occurs by an SN2mechanism. What happens to the rate of this reaction under the following conditions?(a) The concentration of NaOH is doubled.(b) The concentrations of both NaOH and 1-bromopropane are doubled.(c) The volume of the solution in which the reaction is carried out is doubled.arrow_forward7. f Which of the following is the product of the reaction of 1-hexyne with 1 mol of Br₂? (a) Abi (c) Br Br Br Br Br Br (e) Br Br Br Brarrow_forward
- What is the organic product(s)arrow_forward6). What is the product obtained from the following reaction? (A) (C) 0= N(C₂H5)2 CI HN(C₂H5)2 (B) (D) (C₂H5)2Narrow_forward2. What is the proper name for this compound? O₂N. Br (A) 4-bromo-3-nitrophenyl (B) p-bromo-m-nitrophenol (C) 4-bromo-3-nitrophenol (D) 1-bromo-2-nitrophenol OHarrow_forward