Chapter 6, Problem 40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conformation which is present in higher concentration when $\text{R}={\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_3$ is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by $\Delta G°$. It is a state function. The value of $\Delta G°$ depends on $K_{\text{eq}}$. The free energy change is calculated as,

$\text{Δ}G\text{°}=-2.303\text{R}T\log K_{\text{eq}}$

If the $\Delta G°$ is greater than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the $\Delta G°$ is smaller than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The $\text{R}$ group which shows the higher percentage of equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by $\Delta G°$. It is a state function. The value of $\Delta G°$ depends on $K_{\text{eq}}$. The free energy change is calculated as,

$\text{Δ}G\text{°}=-2.303\text{R}T\log K_{\text{eq}}$

If the $\Delta G°$ is greater than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the $\Delta G°$ is smaller than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The $\text{R}$ group which shows the higher percentage of axial conformation at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by $\Delta G°$. It is a state function. The value of $\Delta G°$ depends on $K_{\text{eq}}$. The free energy change is calculated as,

$\text{Δ}G\text{°}=-2.303\text{R}T\log K_{\text{eq}}$

If the $\Delta G°$ is greater than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the $\Delta G°$ is smaller than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The $\text{R}$ group for which $\Delta G°$ is more negative to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by $\Delta G°$. It is a state function. The value of $\Delta G°$ depends on $K_{\text{eq}}$. The free energy change is calculated as,

$\text{Δ}G\text{°}=-2.303\text{R}T\log K_{\text{eq}}$

If the $\Delta G°$ is greater than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the $\Delta G°$ is smaller than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the relation of size of $\text{R}$ to the amount of axial and equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by $\Delta G°$. It is a state function. The value of $\Delta G°$ depends on $K_{\text{eq}}$. The free energy change is calculated as,

$\text{Δ}G\text{°}=-2.303\text{R}T\log K_{\text{eq}}$

If the $\Delta G°$ is greater than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the $\Delta G°$ is smaller than zero and $K_{\text{eq}}$ is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.