Glycolysis is a universal metabolic pathway that splits glucose into three-carbon pyruvate molecules, and all glycolytic reactions occurs in cell’s cytosol. After glycolysis, pyruvate enters into the mitochondrial matrix, where a preliminary transition step oxidizes each pyruvate molecule, producing acetyl CoA which then combines with four-carbon molecule in a process called Krebs cycle. This cycle generates CO 2 , NADH, FADH 2 , and ATP which enters into the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 6, Problem 2MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Glycolysis is a universal metabolic pathway that splits glucose into three-carbon pyruvate molecules, and all glycolytic reactions occurs in cell’s cytosol. After glycolysis, pyruvate enters into the mitochondrial matrix, where a preliminary transition step oxidizes each pyruvate molecule, producing acetyl CoA which then combines with four-carbon molecule in a process called Krebs cycle. This cycle generates CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP which enters into the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

If you wanted to reduce the difference between peak and trough levels that occur with repeated administration of a drug, how would you adjust the dose and dose interval without changing the plateau concentration (plateau is the average of peak and trough levels)? Select your answers for both dose and interval. Hint: It may be helpful to think about this problem using an example such as food. How would you eat if you wanted to maintain very steady hunger/satiety levels without changing your total caloric intake? Options: A. Dose; Increase dose B. Dose; Decrease dose C. Dose; Do not change dose D. Interval; Increase the interval between doses (give the drug less frequently) E. Interval; Decrease the interval between doses (give the drug more frequently) F. Interval; Do not change the interval

What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. Show the math

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 6, Problem 2MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Glycolysis is a universal metabolic pathway that splits glucose into three-carbon pyruvate molecules, and all glycolytic reactions occurs in cell’s cytosol. After glycolysis, pyruvate enters into the mitochondrial matrix, where a preliminary transition step oxidizes each pyruvate molecule, producing acetyl CoA which then combines with four-carbon molecule in a process called Krebs cycle. This cycle generates CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP which enters into the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 6, Problem 2MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Glycolysis is a universal metabolic pathway that splits glucose into three-carbon pyruvate molecules, and all glycolytic reactions occurs in cell’s cytosol. After glycolysis, pyruvate enters into the mitochondrial matrix, where a preliminary transition step oxidizes each pyruvate molecule, producing acetyl CoA which then combines with four-carbon molecule in a process called Krebs cycle. This cycle generates CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP which enters into the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 6, Problem 2MCQ

Summary Introduction