Chapter 6, Problem 24AP

a.

To determine

Prepare all general journal entries for the given transactions.

Explanation of Solution

Journal:

Journal is the method of recording monetary business transactions in chronological order. It records the debit and credit aspects of each transaction to abide by the double-entry system.

Rules of Debit and Credit:

Following rules are followed for debiting and crediting different accounts while they occur in business transactions:

•   Debit, all increase in assets, expenses and dividends, all decrease in liabilities, revenues and stockholders’ equities.
•  Credit, all increase in liabilities, revenues, and stockholders’ equities, all decrease in assets, expenses.

Prepare journal entries:

Event	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit($)
1.	Petty Cash	300
	Cash		300
	( To record the establishment of fund)
2.	No Entry
3.	Postage Expense	62
	Miscellaneous Expense	20
	Meals Expense	70
	Transportation Expense	50
	Maintenance Expense	75
	Cash Short and Over	2
	Cash (1)		279
	(To record the recognition of expenses)

Table (1)

To record the establishment of fund:

• Petty cash is an asset account and it is increased. Therefore debit petty cash fund by $300.
• Cash is an asset and it is decreased. Therefore, credit cash account by $300.

To record the recognition of expenses:

• Postage expense of $62, miscellaneous expense of $ 20, meals expense of $70, transportation expense of $50, maintenance expense of  $75 ,cash short and over of $2 are a component of stockholders’ equity and it is decreased. Therefore debit it by $ 279.
• Cash is an asset and it is decreased. Therefore, credit cash account by $279.

Note: Journal entry is not prepared for the reimbursement of employees (Event 2) because these are the expenses paid by the employer on behalf of the employee.

Working note:

Calculate the amount of cash:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Cash}\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount}\text{of}\text{petty}\text{cash}\text{fund}-\\ \text{Existing}\text{amount}\text{in}\text{petty}\text{cash}\text{box}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=\$300}-\text{\$21}\\ \text{=\$279}\end{array}$ (1)

Note: Event 2 (reimbursement of employees) is not affected because, these are the expenses paid by the employer on behalf of the employee and Event 4 (Replenishment of fund) is also not affected by any of the transaction because, it is the constant fund that remains in the petty cash box to meet minor business expenses and it has to be periodically replenished to ensure sufficient availability of fund.

b.

To determine

Explain the way the cash short and over account will affect the income statement.

Explanation of Solution

The cash short is an irrelevant amount and it will be stated as miscellaneous expense of $2 on the income statement.

c.

To determine

Identify the event depicted in each journal entry.

Explanation of Solution

Assets exchange transaction:

Transaction which has two assets account is called as assets exchange transaction. Assets exchange transaction increases the value of one asset account, and decreases the value of another asset account. The increased asset account is recorded with the debit entry, and decreased asset account is recorded with the credit entry.

Assets use transaction:

Transaction that reduces the value of assets account is called as assets use transaction. Asset use transaction decreases the value of assets account and also decreases the corresponding liabilities and stockholder’s equity account. The decreased asset account is recorded with credit entry.

Three Events are identified as follows:

Event Number	Type of Event
1.	Asset Exchange Transaction
2.	No Effect
3.	Asset Use Transaction

Table (2)

• In event number 1, the company established petty cash fund by issuing check of $300. It is an Asset exchange transaction as it decreases the cash (asset account) by $300 and increases the petty cash (asset account) by $ 300. Asset exchange transaction affects only the composition of assets and the total amount of assets remains unaffected.
• In event number 3, Company has recognised expenses by decreasing the cash account. It is an Asset use transaction as it decreases the total amount of assets (cash) by $279 and increases the expenses account by $279.

Note: Event 2 (reimbursement of employees) is not affected because, these are the expenses paid by the employer on behalf of the employee and Event 4 (Replenishment of fund) is also not affected by any of the transaction because, it is the constant fund that remains in the petty cash box to meet minor business expenses and it has to be periodically replenished to ensure sufficient availability of fund.

d.

To determine

Show the effects of the events on the financial statements and indicate whether item is an operating activity (OA), Investing activity (IA), financing activity (FA) or use NA to show that the account is not affected by the event.

Explanation of Solution

Financial statements:

Financial statements are condensed summary of transactions communicated in the form of reports for the purpose of decision making. The financial statements reports, and shows the financial status of the business. The financial statements consist of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and the cash flow statement.

Three events are recorded as follows:

Figure (1)

Note: Event 2 (reimbursement of employees) is not affected because, these are the expenses paid by the employer on behalf of the employee and Event 4 (Replenishment of fund) is not recorded on the financial statements because, it is the constant fund that remains in the petty cash box to meet minor business expenses and it has to be periodically replenished to ensure sufficient availability of fund.