Concept explainers
To determine: The ionization state of each amino acid residues at pH 5.2 which is the optimum pH of lysozyme.
Introduction:
Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme that plays a crucial role in prevention of bacterial infections. It is involved in innate immunity. This enzyme breaks
To determine: The ionization states of amino acid residues explain pH activity profile of lysozyme.
Introduction:
The pH is defined as the quantitative measure for acidity and basicity of an aqueous solution. It is a type of logarithm scale. A solution with low concentrations of H+ is basic in nature while solution with high concentration of H+ is acidic in nature.

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Chapter 6 Solutions
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (Instructor's)
- 2. Which one of the following alkenes undergoes the least exothermic hydrogenation upon treatment with H₂/Pd? A B C D Earrow_forward6. What is the IUPAC name of the following compound? A) (Z)-3,5,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptadiene B) (E)-2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-heptadiene C) (E)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene D) (Z)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene E) (Z)-2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-heptadienearrow_forwardConsider the reaction shown. CH2OH Ex. CH2 -OH CH2- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The standard free-energy change (AG) for this reaction is 7.53 kJ mol-¹. Calculate the free-energy change (AG) for this reaction at 298 K when [dihydroxyacetone phosphate] = 0.100 M and [glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate] = 0.00300 M. AG= kJ mol-1arrow_forward
- If the pH of gastric juice is 1.6, what is the amount of energy (AG) required for the transport of hydrogen ions from a cell (internal pH of 7.4) into the stomach lumen? Assume that the membrane potential across this membrane is -70.0 mV and the temperature is 37 °C. AG= kJ mol-1arrow_forwardConsider the fatty acid structure shown. Which of the designations are accurate for this fatty acid? 17:2 (48.11) 18:2(A9.12) cis, cis-A8, A¹¹-octadecadienoate w-6 fatty acid 18:2(A6,9)arrow_forwardClassify the monosaccharides. H-C-OH H. H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-erythrose D-ribose D-glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone CH₂OH CH₂OH C=O Answer Bank CH₂OH C=0 HO C-H C=O H-C-OH H-C-OH pentose hexose tetrose H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH aldose triose ketose CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-erythrulose D-ribulose D-fructosearrow_forward
- Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrophobic tails. Draw the line-bond structure of cis-A9-hexadecenoate. Clearly show the cis-trans stereochemistry.arrow_forwardThe formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate is an ATP-driven reaction: Acetate + ATP + COA Acetyl CoA+AMP+ PP Calculate AG for this reaction given that the AG for the hydrolysis of acetyl CoA to acetate and CoA is -31.4 kJ mol-1 (-7.5 kcal mol-¹) and that the AG for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PP; is -45.6 kJ mol-1 (-10.9 kcal mol-¹). AG reaction kJ mol-1 The PP, formed in the preceding reaction is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo because of the ubiquity of inorganic pyrophosphatase. The AG for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PP.) is -19.2 KJ mol-¹ (-4.665 kcal mol-¹). Calculate the AG° for the overall reaction, including pyrophosphate hydrolysis. AGO reaction with PP, hydrolysis = What effect does the presence of pyrophosphatase have on the formation of acetyl CoA? It does not affect the overall reaction. It makes the overall reaction even more endergonic. It brings the overall reaction closer to equilibrium. It makes the overall reaction even more exergonic. kJ mol-1arrow_forwardConsider the Haworth projections of ẞ-L-galactose and ẞ-L-glucose shown here. OH CH₂OH OH CH₂OH OH OH OH ОН OH он B-L-galactose B-L-glucose Which terms describe the relationship between these two sugars? epimers enantiomers anomers diastereomersarrow_forward
- Classify each characteristic as describing anabolism or catabolism. Anabolism Answer Bank Catabolism transforms fuels into cellular energy, such as ATP or ion gradients uses NADPH as the electron carrier synthesizes macromolecules requires energy inputs, such as ATP uses NAD+ as the electron carrier breaks down macromoleculesarrow_forwardThe table lists the standard free energies (AG") of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds. Compound kJ mol-1 kcal mol-1 Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) -61.9 -14.8 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) -49.4 -11.8 Creatine phosphate -43.1 -10.3 ATP (to ADP) -30.5 -7.3 Glucose 1-phosphate -20.9 -5.0 Pyrophosphate (PP) -19.3 -4.6 Glucose 6-phosphate -13.8 -3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate -9.2 -2.2 What is the direction of each of the reactions shown when the reactants are initially present in equimolar amounts? (a) ATP + H2O ADP + P (b) ATP + glycerol glycerol 3-phosphate + ADParrow_forwardCharacterize each term or phrase as pertaining to simple or facilitated diffusion. Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Answer Bank requires an input of free energy lipophilic molecules directly through membrane via channels polar molecules Na+arrow_forward
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