For a chemical reaction with K eq = 1 .2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant. Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

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There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C. H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g) K = 0.0900 at 25°C с Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C. [H₂O]= [C₁₂O]= [HOCI]= M Σ M

What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 21PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 1.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with Keq = 0.2 , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over the reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a chemical reaction with positive value of ΔG , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor the product over reactant.

Concept introduction: One or more reactant molecules are changed into product molecules during a chemical reaction. The equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an exothermic reaction with positive value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For an endothermic reaction with negative value of ΔS , the condition of equilibrium is to be interpreted if it will favor product over reactant.

Concept introduction: A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more reactant molecules to product molecules. The Gibb’s equation provides the relation between ΔS , ΔH , and ΔG of the reaction.

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 8PTS

Solution Summary: The author explains the condition of equilibrium in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions must balance out.

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