Cavities Gone Wild
Five-year-old Daniel appears to be shy. He always looks at the floor, has no friends, never plays with the other children, and will rarely speak to adults. When he does speak, it is difficult to understand his broken enunciation. His skinny frame and the dark circles under his eyes make him appear malnourished. Daniel cries frequently and misses many days of school.
A speech specialist at school finds that only two of Daniel’s teeth are healthy; all the others have rotted away to the gum line. The little guy is in constant pain, and it hurts to chew. A doctor later determines that bacteria from the cavities in his mouth have entered his bloodstream and infected his heart, causing an irregular heartbeat and poor blood circulation.
- 1. How does knowledge of biofilms help explain the bulk of Daniel’s problems?
- 2. What can Daniel, his parents, and health care professionals do to cure his diseases?
- 3. What is the scientific name of the nutrient that Daniel’s parents should eliminate from his diet to help prevent a repeat of this condition?
- 4. A recent study has shown that brushing does more than clean plaque from the teeth; it also disrupts associations between oral bacteria. How does this simple act help prevent the formation of biofilms?
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
- Kate Bradley, age 22, is an avid swimmer. She swims year-round at least 2 days per week. Kate has an extensive history as a young child of repeated ear infections. She even had surgical placement of polyethylene tubes (PE) twice in her younger years to help decrease her frequent ear infections. Lately, Kate has developed left ear pain. She does not have an increased body temperature but notices an increase in left ear pain upon movement of the pinna. She thinks the outer ear looks a bit swollen but doesn’t notice any drainage coming from the ear. Kate also has noted a couple of instances where her balance has been impaired. She calls her practitioner and makes an appointment to have her ear checked. 1. How would you explain Kate’s instances of impaired balance?arrow_forwardKate Bradley, age 22, is an avid swimmer. She swims year-round at least 2 days per week. Kate has an extensive history as a young child of repeated ear infections. She even had surgical placement of polyethylene tubes (PE) twice in her younger years to help decrease her frequent ear infections. Lately, Kate has developed left ear pain. She does not have an increased body temperature but notices an increase in left ear pain upon movement of the pinna. She thinks the outer ear looks a bit swollen but doesn’t notice any drainage coming from the ear. Kate also has noted a couple of instances where her balance has been impaired. She calls her practitioner and makes an appointment to have her ear checked. Cerumen is seen in the ear canal upon examination; explain how this waxy substance serves to protect the ear.arrow_forwardKate Bradley, age 22, is an avid swimmer. She swims year-round at least 2 days per week. Kate has an extensive history as a young child of repeated ear infections. She even had surgical placement of polyethylene tubes (PE) twice in her younger years to help decrease her frequent ear infections. Lately, Kate has developed left ear pain. She does not have an increased body temperature but notices an increase in left ear pain upon movement of the pinna. She thinks the outer ear looks a bit swollen but doesn’t notice any drainage coming from the ear. Kate also has noted a couple of instances where her balance has been impaired. She calls her practitioner and makes an appointment to have her ear checked. Explain why Kate’s middle ear infections have decreased as she has advanced in age.arrow_forward
- Ali 8 years old, his mother instructs him to don't show television, late for sleeping and don't leave the bed without bedmaking. Ali was anger and temper tantrum this attitude indicate Ali don't like:- اختر احدى الاجابات Criticism Mother Father Advicearrow_forwardPatty Turner age 7 has symptoms that include a skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue, and swelling in the joints. She was diagnosed as having juvenile __________ arthritis.arrow_forwardA 33 y/o male, owner of a strip club, shut the club down early on July 4th and brought his 11 y/o daughter down to the club. They were standing in the parking lot setting off firecrackers when a yellow sports car drove slowly by. A shot was fired from the car, striking the club owner in the left anterior shoulder. He collapsed into the street, his daughter screaming and crying. A passerby called 911. Upon arrival of paramedics, he was noted to take 2 gasping, irregular breaths, and then suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. CPR was initiated, IVs were placed, the patient was intubated, and rapidly transported to the hospital. No cardiac monitor was placed on the patient until arrival at the hospital, at which time he was noted to be in ventricular fibrillation. A Resuscitative Thoracotomy was performed and internal heart massage initiated. A bullet wound to the Descending Thoracic Aorta was found and emergently closed in the Emergency Department. The patient was defibrillated multiple…arrow_forward
- Andrew is a preschooler who "hates" his first days at preschool. He lives with his mother Berkley, a calculus teacher; his father Edgar, a psysicist; and Molly, his 5-day-old baby sister. His mother is disappointed at his reaction to school. She tells you, "We worked so hard to prepare him for school. Taught him whole alphabet and how to count to 100. He's so excited about learning he wanted to practice writing his name rather go to a friend's birthday party." She asks you what could be wrong. How can she make his first school experience better?" Question to be answer: 1. What additional information would you like to know before you advise his mother? What are some reasons you can think of as to why he might not be enjoying preschool? 2. Could temperament be playing a role in why Andrew is not fitting in well at preschool? Are there other indications he doesn't want to leave his house to go to school just now? 3. As preschooler, should Andrew be interested in exploring new things and…arrow_forwardElla is an attorney who has worked in private practice for 25 years. She estimates she works 70 hours/week between the office and the courtroom. She has attributed her persistent fatigue to her schedule, poor diet (“I usually eat on the run, whatever is available”) and alcohol consumption (“I drink a bottle of wine a couple nights a week, and maybe more at the weekend especially if there are lots of dinners with clients”). Her fatigue has recently worsened and she has been feeling nauseous and light-headed consistently over the last several days. Parameter Result Normal Glucose 87 70-99 mg/dL BUN 12 7-22 mg/dL Creatinine 0.71 0.5-1.2 mg/dL Na 141 135-145 mmol/L K 4.9 3.5-5.3 mmol/L Cl 103 98-109 mmol/L CO2 24 22-26 mmol/L Calcium 9.2 8.6-10.2 mg/dL Phosphorus 2.7 2.6-4.9 mg/dL Albumin 3.0 3.2-4.6 g/dL Bilirubin 2.2 0.2-1.2 mg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 190 99-191 IU/L…arrow_forwardElla is an attorney who has worked in private practice for 25 years. She estimates she works 70 hours/week between the office and the courtroom. She has attributed her persistent fatigue to her schedule, poor diet (“I usually eat on the run, whatever is available”) and alcohol consumption (“I drink a bottle of wine a couple nights a week, and maybe more at the weekend especially if there are lots of dinners with clients”). Her fatigue has recently worsened and she has been feeling nauseous and light-headed consistently over the last several days. How do you interpret the increases in ALT, AST and LDH and what is the most likely cause of this? Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 190 99-191 IU/L Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) 260 12-45 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 76 <34 IU/Larrow_forward
- A 61-year-old gentleman was well-know to his neighbors as a friendly man who liked to drink too much. Over the course of 4-6 weeks, the neighbors noticed a change in the man's personality. He was less friendly, seemed not to remember their names, when he did talk he complained of headaches (of which he had not complained before), and they even talked among themselves as to the unsteady gait and dragging foot they saw when he would leave his apartment. Speculation ranged from drinking yet more, to his excessive alcohol consumption just catching up with him, to a simple function of premature aging. When the neighbors didn't see the man for several days, they called the police. Unable to get any response, officers made entry, finding the man in bed, lying on his side, with his face hanging down toward the floor. He was dead. An open wound was noted just above the eyebrow, approximately 2 inches long, with undermining of its superior edge; tissue bridges were seen, as were areas of…arrow_forwardTeddy Roberts is 78 years old; he was brought to the hospital by ambulance after a fall in his garden. He has a painful left wrist with obvious swelling, his x-ray shows a fractured radius and ulna. He has a history of rheumatoid arthritis of his hands and knees. He also has Glaucoma, wears a hearing aid and uses a 4-prong walking stick for assistance with mobilisation. He currently lives at home with his cat George. From The case history on Teddy, explain two (2) potential risks factors you would identify from a risk assessmentarrow_forwardYvonne is a 13-year-old eighth grader who is a new student in an urban middle school. She recently moved into the area with her mother and her three siblings. The family moved to be nearer to Yvonne s grandparents after the breakup of her parents relationship. Yvonne is tall for her age and is bothered by the looks and sexual comments about her breasts from boys in her school. She has made few friends at the new school, because she needs to spend most of her free time taking care of her younger siblings while her mother waits tables to support the family. Her eighth grade academic work is a little more advanced than what she is usedto. She is having a hard time keeping up, particularly in science, which is her first period course. The teacher moves very fast, despite the fact that most of the students look glassy-eyed from too little sleep. What does this example illustrate about the ease of the adolescent transition for early-maturing girls like Yvonne? Early-maturing girls…arrow_forward
- Nutrition Through The Life CycleHealth & NutritionISBN:9781337919333Author:Brown, Judith E.Publisher:Cengage Learning,Nutrition Through the Life Cycle (MindTap Course ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305628007Author:Judith E. BrownPublisher:Cengage Learning