EBK BIOLOGY NOW (SECOND EDITION)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393664003
Author: Malone
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 6, Problem 14TQ
Summary Introduction
The rapid division of cells may lead to a formation of cell mass and that is known as a tumor. The tumor cells differ from other normal cells based on shape, size, and functions. Progression of tumor cells may lead to the cancerous state. Cancer is known as the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. Abnormal cells divide without the control of cell cycle checkpoints. Cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through angiogenesis or metastasis and affect the normal function of the body. Cancer is caused by alcohol, smoking or chewing tobacco, unhealthy diet, viral infection, obesity, lack of physical exercise, and genetics.
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Three of the many recessive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that affect body color, wing shape, or bristle morphology are black (b) body versus grey in wild type, dumpy (dp), obliquely truncated wings versus long wings in the male, and hooked (hk) bristles versus not hooked in the wild type. From a cross of a dumpy female with a black and hooked male, all of the F1 were wild type for all three of the characters. The testcross of an F1 female with a dumpy, black, hooked male gave the following results:
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Genes at loci f, m, and w are linked, but their order is unknown. The F1 heterozygotes from a cross of FFMMWW x ffmmww are test crossed. The most frequent phenotypes in the test cross progeny will be FMW and fmw regardless of what the gene order turns out to be.
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