Database Systems: Design Implementation & Management
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305850378
Author: Coronel
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 6, Problem 10RQ
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Anomaly:
- Without normalization, redundancies occur in the table, and it may lead to errors or some sort of inconsistency. These are termed as anomalies.
- Anomalies occur when user wants to update the data in the table.
- There are three types of anomalies. They are,
- Insertion anomaly
- Deletion anomaly
- Modification anomaly
Insertion anomaly:
- Certain attributes cannot be inserted in the
database table without the presence of other attributes and causes the occurrence of insert anomaly. - For example,
- Suppose a student data need to be inserted in the STUDENT database table.
- Student_name and dept are the combination of primary keys in the STUDENT relation.
- The user must enter the values for both the keys. But, this is an anomaly here, because the user can enter only Student_name; the value for dept is unknown to the user until the student joins the department.
Deletion anomaly:
- Deletion of an attribute causes unintended loss of data or inconsistencies in the database and is referred to as deletion anomaly...
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Database Systems: Design Implementation & Management
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