Explanation Given: ∫ x ⋅ ( x + 1 ) 9 d x , u = x + 1 Key Concept Applied: U-Substitution is a technique we use when the integrand is a composite function. A composite function is a function inside another function of the form f ( g ( x ) ) where f ( x ) is the outside function and g ( x ) is the inside function. The first thing we will need to do is to recognize that we are being asked to integrate a product of a function and its derivative, and it takes the form of a composite function. This can be generalized for any product that is a composite function multiplied by the derivative of the inner function. This integration rule follows from the chain rule for differentiation, because U-Substitution is nothing more than the reverse of the chain rule. Substitution Rule To integrate: ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x ↗ ↖ I n s i d e f u n c t i o n O u t s i d e F u n c t i o n ( D e r i v a t i v e o f I n s i d e ) The essence of the substitution rule is to take an integral in terms of x and transform or change it into terms of u by finding the outside function and inside function, where the outside function is the derivative of the inside function. Then we will make a suitable substitution that will simplify our integrand so that we can integrate, as illustrated in three easy steps below: ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x , I f u = g ( x ) ⇒ d u = g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x , T h e n d x = d u g ' ( x ) A f t e r U − S u b t i t u t i o n , I n t e g r a l w i l l b e c o m e ... ∫ f ( u ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d u g ' ( x ) C a n c e l l i n g g ' ( x ) , w e g e t ... ∫ f ( u ) ⋅ d u Formula used: Exponent Rules Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4 a = a 1 2 a 3 = a 1 3 a m n = a m n 1 a m = a − m Rules used here in this problem are highlighted in green in the below table: Basic Properties/Rules/Formulas of Common Derivative ( f ( x ) ) ' notation indicates derivative of function Polynomials Function ( c ) ' = 0 , where c any constant ( x ) ' = d x ( c ⋅ x ) ' = c ⋅ d x ( x n ) ' = n ⋅ x n − 1 ⋅ d x ( c ⋅ x n ) ' = c ⋅ n ⋅ x n − 1 ⋅ d x Trigonometric Functions ( sin x ) ' = cos x ⋅ d x ( cos x ) ' = − sin x ⋅ d x ( tan x ) ' = sec 2 x ⋅ d x ( sec x ) ' = sec x ⋅ tan x ⋅ d x ( csc x ) ' = − csc x ⋅ cot x ⋅ d x ( cot x ) ' = − csc 2 x ⋅ d x Inverse Trigonometric Functions ( sin − 1 x ) ' = 1 1 − x 2 ⋅ d x ( cos − 1 x ) ' = − 1 1 − x 2 ⋅ d x ( tan − 1 x ) ' = 1 1 + x 2 ⋅ d x ( sec − 1 x ) ' = 1 | x | ⋅ x 2 − 1 ⋅ d x ( csc − 1 x ) ' = − 1 | x | ⋅ x 2 −

3rd Edition

ISBN: 9781464114885

Author: Jon Rogawski, Colin Adams

Publisher: W. H. Freeman

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Question

Chapter 5.7, Problem 15E

To determine

‘To Write:

The given integral in terms of $u$ and $d u$ , and then evaluate it.

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Chapter 5.7, Problem 14E

Chapter 5.7, Problem 16E

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