Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 52.4, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? → You suspect that deer are restricting the distribution of a tree species by preferentially eating the seedlings of the tree. How might you test this hypothesis?
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a When planted alongside garlic buds, strawberry plants are bug-free
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Imagine a population of cacti living on an imaginary island called Plantopia. These cacti evolved to stop producing spines because there are no herbivores on Plantopia. Every year, a few cactus seeds are washed onto the shores of Plantopia from the mainland. There are many large herbivores on the mainland. (Tip: Try drawing the scenario to help you visualize it.)
Name three mechanisms of evolutionary change ( 3 of mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, andgene flow.) that may be acting on alleles for spine production on Plantopia. For each mechanism, explain what effect it may have on spine production, and whether this change is adaptive or non-adaptive.
Chapter 52 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 52.1 - Explain how the sun's unequal heating of Earth's...Ch. 52.1 - What are some of the differences in microclimate...Ch. 52.1 - WHAT IF? Changes in Earth's climate at the end of...Ch. 52.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Focusing just on the effects of...Ch. 52.2 - Based on the climograph in Figure 52.10, what...Ch. 52.2 - Using Figure 52.12, identify the natural biome in...Ch. 52.2 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 52.3 - Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or...Ch. 52.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 52.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As noted in Figure 52.15, the...
Ch. 52.4 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 52.4 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting...Ch. 52.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Hawaiian silverswords under-went...Ch. 52.5 - Describe a scenario showing how ecological change...Ch. 52.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Commercial fisheries target...Ch. 52 - Suppose global air circulation suddenly reversed,...Ch. 52 - Prob. 52.2CRCh. 52 - Prob. 52.3CRCh. 52 - Interactions between organisms and the environment...Ch. 52 - Suppose humans introduced a species to a new...Ch. 52 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Which of the...Ch. 52 - Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow...Ch. 52 - Which of the following is characteristic of most...Ch. 52 - The oceans affect the biosphere in all of the...Ch. 52 - Which statement about dispersal is false? (A)...Ch. 52 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 52 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 52 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Discuss how the distribution...Ch. 52 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 52 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Global warming...Ch. 52 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE If you were to hike up...
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- 5) Here are some data loosely based on tree counts collected in ecology (BIOL 308). Is there a difference in tree composition based on landscape position? Make sure you clearly state Ho, H₁, etc. Also clearly write out your decision and what it means. Q Search f6 You can either do this by hand, or if you prefer, use R (it'll be much quicker!). See the R instructions at the end. Landscape Position Ridge Top Mid-Slope Valley Bottom f7 Oaks 70 80 15 f8 Maple 15 20 5 Species Beech fg 70 120 85 Pine 20 5 5 10 ▶11 Tulip Poplar 60 20 10 Other 35 55 30 12arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose a scientist finds that a populationof plants growing in a breezy location is more prone toherbivory by insects than a population of the samespecies growing in a sheltered area. Suggest a hypothesisto account for this observation.arrow_forwardConsider why there might be natural selection for poisonous plants to warn potential herbivores with bright colors, but why there seems to be no similar selective pressure for poisonous mushrooms to do the same. Which of the following best explains this difference? a) Fungi, like mushrooms, do not rely on photosynthesis and hence do not need to attract or warn herbivores with bright colors. Plants have a symbiotic relationship with herbivores, which is not the case for mushrooms. Mushrooms are typically more toxic than plants, so there is no need for them to develop warning colors. Most of a fungus's body is the mycelium which exists underground, hence consumption of the above-ground mushroom cap represents a comparatively smaller fitness cost than for plants, whose vital photosynthetic structures can be consumed by herbivores.arrow_forward
- An example of niche differentiation? *both forage in trees for insects and seeds *when sympatric, chestnut-backed tends to forage in higher branches than black-capped Chestnut-backed Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee ( - Black-capped (----) Chestnut - backed O Mike Hopiak 40 80 00 120 140 HEIGHT (feet) FiG. 1. Comparison of feeding heights of Black-capped and Chestnut-backed chicka If chestnut-backed currently forage in the upper branches and black-backed currently forage in the lower branches because of niche differentiation (i.e. evolutionary change in resource use caused by competition in the past), what would you expect the fundamental and realized niche to be for these two species? The fundamental niche of chestnut-backed is [ Select ] The realized niche of chestnut-backed is [ Select ] The fundamental niche of black-backed is [ Select ] The realized niche of black-backed is [ Select ] NUMBER OF BIRDS (per cent)arrow_forwardP Parchment Exchange - Leader in X dgenuity.com/Player/ SC5181 A 7 G how would scientists describe th X Match the statement with the type of distribution it describes. Random Sheetweb weavers (spiders) living only where insects are plentiful Mark this and return plants that use wind to disperse seeds no predictable pattern. no territoriality exists :: redwood trees growing equidistant from each other to get enough light Show is point intercept used to de x Oll DELL :: territoriality exists :: plants that secrete toxins to inhibit growth of nearby individuals + A :: animals that have territories with well-defined borders Save and Exit Q Next G Sign out English V Oct 27 ☆ * 0 ⠀ Uniform Submit Kinley Heath X 2:21 0arrow_forwardScenario 4: On your frequent trips to Costa Rica you have seen that there are certain trees that have ants that live on them and the same species of trees without ants. Trees that have ants living on them show little sign of being eaten by herbivores (deer, cows, etc.), but trees without ants are severely injured by herbivores. You think that ants may protect these trees somehow from herbivores. Prompt Response What question might you ask? What is your hypothesis? What is your prediction? What are your independent and dependent variables? How would you experimentally test your hypothesis? Be sure to identify your control and treatment groups. Scenario 5: VWhile walking in a park, you see lush growth of a certain plant in some areas, but very poorarrow_forward
- Scenario 4: On your frequent trips to Costa Rica you have seen that there are certain trees that have ants that live on them and the same species of trees without ants. Trees that have ants living on them show little sign of being eaten by herbivores (deer, cows, etc.), but trees without ants are severely injured by herbivores. You think that ants may protect these trees somehow from herbivores. Prompt Response What question might you ask? What is your hypothesis? What is your prediction? What are your independent and dependent variables? How would you experimentally test your hypothesis? Be sure to identify your control and treatment groups. Scenario 5: While walking in a park, you see lush growth of a certain plant in some areas, but very poor light and moisture between these areasarrow_forwardWhy are species of weedy plants more likely to be r-selected than K-selected? Why are most species with large body size K-selected? What other general patterns of lifestyle are associated with either r- or K-selection?arrow_forwardSome aggressive understory ant species patrol the foliage of the tropical forest shrub Psychotria limonensis, wild coffee (Fig.1). The ants chase insects and other animals away from the plant's flowers and fruits. Explain why this behavior may enhance the plant's reproductive success during some periods, but decrease the plant's reproductive success at other times. Figure 1. P. limonensis Varrow_forward
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