void Functions: A function must either return a single or no value at all. A function that would not return a value is termed as “void” function. The “void” function is been defined in same way as function that would return a value. It implements only subtask for complete problem. If a “void” function is called, formal parameters are substituted with arguments. The statements in function body are executed. The “return” statement specifies value that is been returned. Call-by-Reference: It is a method for substituting arguments. The corresponding argument is substituted for formal parameter. The argument for a function call might be a variable. This argument variable is substituted for formal parameter. It is similar to copying of argument variables into function definition body in place of formal parameter. The code in function body is executed once argument is substituted. This code can change argument variable value. The ampersand sign (&) is attached to end of type name in formal parameter list in both function declaration as well as function header definition. Call-by-value: It copies the actual value of an argument into function’s formal parameter. The changes made to parameter inside function have no effect on argument. This method is used in default in programs. The code within a function could not alter arguments used for calling function.

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Chapter 5.2, Problem 10STE

Program Plan Intro

void Functions:

A function must either return a single or no value at all.

A function that would not return a value is termed as “void” function.

The “void” function is been defined in same way as function that would return a value.

It implements only subtask for complete problem.

If a “void” function is called, formal parameters are substituted with arguments.

The statements in function body are executed.

The “return” statement specifies value that is been returned.

Call-by-Reference:

It is a method for substituting arguments.

The corresponding argument is substituted for formal parameter.

The argument for a function call might be a variable.

This argument variable is substituted for formal parameter.

It is similar to copying of argument variables into function definition body in place of formal parameter.

The code in function body is executed once argument is substituted.

This code can change argument variable value.

The ampersand sign (&) is attached to end of type name in formal parameter list in both function declaration as well as function header definition.

Call-by-value:

It copies the actual value of an argument into function’s formal parameter.

The changes made to parameter inside function have no effect on argument.

This method is used in default in programs.

The code within a function could not alter arguments used for calling function.

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