LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319209957
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 51, Problem 2Q
Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether animals with a higher percentage of long loops of Henle are more capable of producing concentrated urine or not.

Given:

The percentage of long loops of Henle and the freezing point depression (FPD) of different mammals are given in the Table 1.

Table 1: Percentage long loops of Henle and FPD of different mammals.

Animal Percent long loops of Henle FPD (ᵒC)
Beaver 0 0.96
Pig 3 2
Human 14 2.6
Dog 100 4.85
Cat 100 5.8
Lab rat 28 4.85
Kangaroo rat 27 10.4
Jerboa 33 12
Sand rat 100 9.2

Introduction:

FPD is a test which is used to measure the concentration of urine. It is known that fresh water freezes at 0°C, but the addition of solutes lowers this freezing temperature.

The medulla of the kidney has two types of loops of Henle-long and short. The long loops of Henle extend the entire length of the medulla while the short ones do not.

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