Concept explainers
To review:
The selection pressures in terms of species interaction and the physical environment, which might be faced by the organisms, while adjusting in new habitats in the face of climate change
Introduction:
The trapping of outgoing long wavelengths of infrared radiations by greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), results in the greenhouse effect. An increase in the level of greenhouse gases has led to an escalation in the average temperature around the earth, which is popularly known as global warming. In the face of changing climatic conditions, organisms are now at risk from the changing temperature and are pushed to adapt to the new physical conditions. They not only face threats from existing species but also have to adjust to their new physical environment.
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Chapter 51 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- A niche is loosely defined as an organism's role in its environment, which can include factors such as feeding preference, nesting behaviors, mating behaviors, method of obtaining prey, and local habitats. Keeping Gause's law in mind, do some research on the California red-legged frog and the North Pacific tree frog (use wiki or another Google search). Create a chart comparing the two with respect to their niche or lifestyle that can explain how these two frogs can co-exist in the same ecosystem.arrow_forwardA niche is loosely defined as an organism's role in its environment, which can include factors like, feeding preference, nesting behaviors, mating behaviors, method of obtaining prey, and local habitats. Considering Gause's law, conduct research on the California Red Legged Frog and the Northern Pacific TreeFrog (use wiki or other google search). Create a chart that compares the two with regard to their niche or their lifestyle that may explain how these two native frogs have evolved to coexist in the same ecosystem. Northern Pacific TreeFrog California Red Legged Frogarrow_forwardWhich of the following would likely not be a result of character displacement? A: The competition between 5 beetle species living in the same area is lessenedB: One of the four bird species on an island goes extinctC: Coevolution of plants and pollinatorsD: Two lizard species in the same area evolve the ability to feed on different insectsarrow_forward
- Read this quote from Charles Darwin (from Origin of Species). What is he describing? "Thus, I can understand how a flower and a bee might slowly become, either simultaneously or one after the other, modified and adapted to each other in the most perfect manner, by the continued preservation of all the individuals which presented slight deviations of structure mutually favorable to one another." An interaction network. A predator/prey cycle. O Coevolution. An obligate mutualism.arrow_forwardAdaptation is an important component for species survival. Genes get selected for based on pressures. It is now known that several species (bacteria, plants, and animals) adaptions potentially reflect a response to human actions. Which of the following represent examples of how species are adapting to human behaviors? Choose all that apply. O Dandelions getting longer in areas that are constantly mowed O Bacteria exhibiting antibiotic resistance O The peppered moth expressing dark coloration genes during the industrial revolution O Cholera bacteria becoming more mild when water sources are cleanerarrow_forward1. Describe two types of interactions between two competing species. 2. Explain how potentially competing species may co-exist. 3. Explain resource partitioning. Give an example. 4. Discuss the co-evolution of predator defences. 5. What is mutualism? Discuss in the context of coevolution. 6. Explain optimal foraging 7. Explain the Red Queen view of evolution 8. Explain one problem related to the concept of coevolution. Give an example. 9. What are the 4 examples of social behaviour among species according to Herron and freeman (2015). Discuss one example of each type of interaction.arrow_forward
- The graph in Figure 3 represents the beak sizes of the offspring of the birds that survived the drought of1977. (The survivors were represented by the black bars in Figure 2, and this graph shows the beak depth distribution of their offspring in 1978.) Explain the observed change in beak characteristics using the following concepts in your answer: competition, survival of the fittest, inheritance.arrow_forwardImagine walking through a tropical rainforest. You notice that there are different types of trees, birds, insects, and other organisms. A few weeks later you are taking a walk through the desert and notice that the trees, birds, insects, and other organisms are different than those you saw in the rainforest. Which of the following statements best explains the differences between each of these ecological systems? Organisms in each ecological system are there by chance and their presence in different ecological systems does not have a biological explanation. Organisms in each ecological system have short dispersal distances and are confined to populations in the area where they mate. Organisms in each ecological system have not had enough time to evolve the adaptations for the other ecosystem; with enough time they will evolve into the other ecological system. Organisms in each ecological system have not had enough time to evolve the adaptations for the other ecosystem; but exhibit…arrow_forwardConsider an ecological network consisting of three interconnected habitats (A BCA). Ecologists want to model the occupancy dynamics of a particular species "Species" across these habitats over time using a discrete time discrete state stochastic process. State Space: State 0: Species X is absent from all habitats. State 1: Species X is present in Habitat A State 2 : Species X is present in Habitat B. State 3: Species X is present in Habitat C. State 4: Species X is present in Habitats A&B State 5: Species X is present in Habitats A&C. State 6: Species X is present in Habitats B&C. State 7: Species X is present in All Habitats. Transition Probabilities: Rule 1: The probability of colonizing an adjacent habitat is 0.2. Rule 2: The probability of extinction from a habitat is 0.15. Rule 3: The probability of recolonization of a random habitat is 0.1 A) Draw a schematic diagram of the Markov Process illustrating states and transitions. Define the transition rate matrix forthis discrete time…arrow_forward
- Which of the following scenarios best explains how resource partitioning can lead to adaptive radiation? The lack of competition between individuals leads to better survival and reproduction rates. The utilization of different resources requires different adaptations, selecting for different traits. The lack of competition leads to a more balanced ecosystem, resulting in more offspring. There is no connection between adaptive radiation and the resource partitioning in nature.arrow_forwardAccording to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot exist together if they occupy the same niche. Either they diverge their niches so they can coexist or one species will die out.All of the following are consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion EXCEPT Select one: a. Birds and bats both consume flying insects, but birds are active in the day and bats are active at night. b. Two species that share the same niche will exclude other competing species. c. Different bird species forage for insects in different parts of the same tree. d. When two species of Paramecium are grown in the same medium, one strain will eventually eliminate its competitor.arrow_forwardSome scientists believe we are in the midst of a new phase of mass extinction, influenced by human behavior, threatening the earth’s biological diversity and contributing to widespread ecological crises. How can the study of non-human species help shape human responses to these potential threats?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning