1 SEM CARDLESS ACC W/RAVEN TEXT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781265321062
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 50.7, Problem 2LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: How the immune system has affected the pathogen’s evolution.
Introduction: Any pathogenic microbe must overcome both specific and nonspecific immune systems of the host to establish and cause an infection. Several pathogens modify their surface antigens to prevent detection by the immune system. This kind of natural selection enables the continuous survival of pathogens with the modified surface antigens. Universally, the influenza virus is considered an example of a virus that modifies its surface antigens frequently to prevent the identification and destruction by the immune system.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Scientists hypothesize that disrupting our ________ communities may increase our susceptibility to infectious diseases, predispose us to certain cancers, and contribute to conditions such as asthma and other allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and autism.
What evolutionary changes need to occur for an animal pathogen to become a human pathogen? Name some human infectious diseases that have an animal source
Through the example of the H5N1 virus, explain
how diseases are fast spreading due to
globalization and increased movement of
people.
Chapter 50 Solutions
1 SEM CARDLESS ACC W/RAVEN TEXT
Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.4 - Explain how antibody diversity is generated.Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.5 - Define autoimmune diseases.Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.6 - Explain antigenantibody reactions in the ABO blood...Ch. 50.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 50.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 50.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 50 - How would a high level of HCG present in a urine...Ch. 50 - What would happen if an NK cell killed a virally...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2IQCh. 50 - Prob. 3IQCh. 50 - Prob. 4IQCh. 50 - Cells that target and kill body cells infected by...Ch. 50 - Structures on invading cells recognized by the...Ch. 50 - Which one of the following acts as the alarm...Ch. 50 - Prob. 4UCh. 50 - Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a....Ch. 50 - Diseases in which the persons immune system no...Ch. 50 - Suppose that a new disease is discovered that...Ch. 50 - You start a new job in a research lab. The lab...Ch. 50 - In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins...Ch. 50 - If you have type AB blood, which of the following...Ch. 50 - Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying....Ch. 50 - If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering...Ch. 50 - Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for...Ch. 50 - Prob. 7ACh. 50 - Suppose you take a job in the marketing department...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2SCh. 50 - Prob. 3SCh. 50 - Toll-like receptors have been found in a wide...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Diffrentiate between contagious and communicable diseases? Explain with example. use your own words to explainarrow_forwardComplete the following analogy, based on the comparisons made in the reading: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up": Birds : Storm : Flu virus : Antigenic shift O Evolution Human immune response O Mutationarrow_forwardDescribe how global climate change can lead to new human infectious diseases.arrow_forward
- When antibiotics and vaccination techniques were first discovered, the statement was made that all pathogenic organisms would be controlled by the twenty-first century. Why do you think this statement did not come true? Why are we in another pandemic?arrow_forwardComplete the following analogy, based on tne comparisons made in the reading: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up": Birds : Storm : Flu virus : O Antigenic shift O Evolution Human immnune response O Mutationarrow_forwardThis term describes treatment or a procedure performed for a particular disease before a person becomes ill, the goal of which is to prevent illness from ever occurring. O 1) prophylaxis 2) prevalence O 3) herd immunity O 4) persistencearrow_forward
- Explain why some pathogens evolve greater levels of virulence under the Trade-off hypothesis. What kind of selection is this an example of and why?arrow_forwardEpidemiologist rely on a set of standard study designs to understand the distribution of 'diseases' and what factors are associated with the presence or absence of disease. Ultimately, the goal is to identify the 'causes' of disease in order to prevent the disease in the future. In modern epidemiology, disease is defined broadly, and can range from infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, HIV), chronic diseases (e.g., heart attack, stroke, diabetes), injuries (e.g., car accidents, homicide), or even social conditions (e.g., poverty). Exposures too may be defined as anything proposed as a potential cause (or correlate) of the disease. For this exercise, briefly outline a hypothetical study to investigate a potential exposure/disease relationship. You may draw on your own experience or choose a topic that is of interest to you. After choosing a topic to study, select an appropriate study design from the list below. Cross-sectional study Cohort study Case-control study Ecological study…arrow_forwardExplain why a disease is less likely to spread to vulnerable members of a population if most people are immunized.arrow_forward
- The germ theory of disease, which revolutionized the understanding of infectious diseases, states that: Diseases are primarily the result of environmental factors and lifestyle choices. All diseases are genetically inherited and cannot be prevented or treated. O Diseases are the result of bacteria alone. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, are the primary cause of many diseases.arrow_forwardDescribe the way the Germ Theory of Disease would predict how a suspected causative agent would act according to the first two postulates if the suspected causative agent was a pathogen but not an infectious disease.arrow_forwardFrom a global health viewpoint howdoes HIV/AIDS fit into either the ecological/evolutionary model of disease or the political-economy model of disease?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning