Concept explainers
List and describe the four functions common to all sensory pathways.
- a.
- b.
- c.
- d.
To list: The four functions that are common to all sensory pathways with their description.
Introduction: The process that converts the physical or chemical stimulus into a receptor potential is known as sensory transduction. When a stimulus is given, it leads to the closing and opening of ions channels that results in receptor potentials.
Explanation of Solution
The four functions that are common to all sensory pathways are as follows:
- Transmission:
- Integration:
- Perception:
- Amplification and adaptation:
The sensory information is transmitted as an action potential, and it moves to the CNS (central nervous system). The frequency of generated action potential and quantity of released neurotransmitter determines the magnitude of a receptor potential.
Graded potential from receptors sums up and starts the integration of the information from sensory neurons. This information integrates with CNS and complex receptors.
Sensory neurons pass impulse that routes into different parts of the brain. These parts of the brain interpret these impulses and produce the perception based on different stimuli.
Amplification is a process that strengthens the energy of a stimulus with the help of accessory structures of sense organs. The sensitivity of receptors cells decreases with continuous stimulation. This is known as sensory adaptation.
Thus, four functions that are common to all sensory pathways are transmission, integration, perception, and amplification and adaptation.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 50 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- Answer number seven do what it says.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the process that is "capable of destroying all forms of microbial life"? Question 37 options: Surgical scrub Sterilization Chemical removal Mechanical removalarrow_forwardAfter you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…arrow_forward
- What are Clathrin coated vesicles and what is their function?arrow_forwardHow is a protein destined for the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), imported into the ER? Be concise.arrow_forwardFind out about the organisations and the movements aimed at the conservation of our natural resources. Eg Chipko movement and Greenpeace. Make a project report on such an organisation.arrow_forward
- What are biofertilizers and mention the significancearrow_forwardPCBs and River Otters: Otters in Washington State’s Green-Duwamish River have high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their livers. PCBs can bind to the estrogen receptors in animals and disrupt the endocrine system of these otters. The PCBs seem to increase the estrogen to androgen ratio, skewing the ratio toward too much estrogen. How would increased estrogen affect the river otter population? Based on your reading of the materials in this unit, what factors can affect fertility in humans? Explain how each of the factors affecting human fertility that you described can disrupt the human endocrine system to affect reproduction.arrow_forwardOther than oil and alcohol, are there other liquids you could compare to water (that are liquid at room temperature)? How is water unique compared to these other liquids? What follow-up experiment would you like to do, and how would you relate it to your life?arrow_forward
- Selection of Traits What adaptations do scavengers have for locating and feeding on prey? What adaptations do predators have for capturing and consuming prey?arrow_forwardCompetition Between Species What natural processes limit populations from growing too large? What are some resources organisms can compete over in their natural habitat?arrow_forwardSpecies Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning