Biochemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781464126109
Author: Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr., Lubert Stryer
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 5, Problem 8P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
A rapid technique for producing many different mutations in the given region is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is a biological macromolecule. DNA contains double helical strands along with the complementary base pairs. The four complementary bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
The process of alteration of DNA sequence or base pair of DNA in a normal gene that forms a mutant gene is known as mutation.
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2. For the flow of fluid over a flat membrane of length 10cm,
determine the length-average mass transfer coefficient. The
relevant properties of the system are u=0.01cm²/s, D=5 x 106
cm²/s, and v = 5.0 cm/s.
Background
Freezing isn't the only challenge in cryopreservation - thawing can
be just as difficult. A microwave oven seems like a nice solution,
since it deposits energy quickly and microwaves are non-ionizing
radiation (they do not cause DNA mutation). However, water
absorbs microwaves more effectively than ice does, meaning that
the portion of an organ that has already melted will get warmer at a
higher rate than the remaining ice – the opposite of what we want!
-
The transmission of radiation through a weakly absorbing material
such as ice or water can be modeled by Beer's law, which assumes
that the rate of absorption at a depth x is proportional to the local
radiation intensity I(x) times an absorption coefficient, which is often
written as μ or a or just µ). Noting that absorption decreases the
intensity, we can write a differential equation
a
Solving the differential equation with the boundary condition on the
surface being
gives the relationship
For a standard microwave oven…
3. Dry air is inhaled at a rate of 10 liter/min through a trachea with
a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 125 mm. The inner
surface of the trachea is at a normal body temperature of 37°C
and may be assumed to be saturated with water.
a. Assuming steady, fully developed flow in the trachea,
estimate the mass transfer convection coefficient.
b. Estimate the daily water loss (liter/day) associated with
evaporation in the trachea.
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