Chapter 5, Problem 85E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Sr}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energies. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having the lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 85E

The electron configuration of $\text{Sr}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of strontium $\left(\text{Sr}\right)$ is $38$. According to the increasing energy, the predicted electronic configuration of strontium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^2$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$ represents the electron configuration of Krypton $\left(\text{Kr}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Sr}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^2$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Sr}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^2$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Ru}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energies. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having the lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 85E

The electron configuration of $\text{Ru}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{1}4d^7$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of ruthenium $\left(\text{Ru}\right)$ is $44$. According to the increasing energy, the predicted electronic configuration of ruthenium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^6$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$ represents the electron configuration of Krypton $\left(\text{Kr}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Ru}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{1}4d^7$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Ru}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{1}4d^7$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Sb}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energies. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having the lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 85E

The electron configuration of $\text{Sb}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of antimony $\left(\text{Sb}\right)$ is $51$. According to the increasing energy, the predicted electronic configuration of antimony is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$ represents the electron configuration of Krypton $\left(\text{Kr}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Sb}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Sb}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Cs}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energies. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having the lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 85E

The electron configuration of $\text{Cs}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^1$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of cesium $\left(\text{Cs}\right)$ is $55$. According to the increasing energy, the predicted electronic configuration of cesium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^1$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^6$ represents the electron configuration of xenon $\left(\text{Xe}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Cs}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^1$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Cs}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^1$.