Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321729736
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 61E
Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each element (or family of elements) occurs as diatomic molecules.
- hydrogen
- the halogens
- oxygen
- nitrogen
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Ions that form from one atom on the Periodic Table are call monatomic ions. However not all ionic bonds are formed with monatomic ions, polyatomic ions can form ionic bonds as well. The prefix poly- means many and atomic refers to atoms, so a polyatomic ion is an ion that contains more than one atom. This differentiates polyatomic ions from monatomic ions, which contain only one atom. Examples of monatomic ions include Na+, Fe3+, Cl-, and many, many others. We can think about polyatomic ions by comparing them to monatomic ions. A monatomic ion is an atom that has been ionized by gaining or losing electrons. The ion has a net charge because the total number of electrons is not balanced by the total number of protons in the nucleus. Thus, compared to the neutral atom, we have extra electrons—in the case of a negatively charged anion—or not enough electrons—in the case of a positively charged cation. For example, a neutral chlorine atom has an atomic number of 17, which means it has 17…
Decide whether each pair of elements in the table below will form an ionic compound. If they will, write the empirical formula and name of the compound formed in the spaces provided.
The oxyacids containing oxygen (O) and phosphorous (P) are named differently than the oxyanions on which they are based. You have just learned that in general -ite endings are
changed to -ous while -ate endings are changed to -ic when naming the acid. However, for the acids of oxyanions based on phosphorus, the root also changes. The roots for the
oxyanions and oxyacids of phosphorus are shown below.
oxyanion root: phosph
oxyacid root: phosphor
Although the exception exists for the root, the prefixes and suffixes of these oxyacids still follow the conventions for naming oxyacids. Using the table of oxyanions given in the transition
before Part B and the roots shown above, give the name of the oxyacid H3PO4 below.
Spell out the full name of the acid.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package
Ch. 5 - What is the empirical formula of the compound with...Ch. 5 - Which substance is an ionic compound? He N2O4 CCl4...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 5 - What is the correct Lewis symbol for S?Ch. 5 - How many CH2Cl2 molecules are there in 25.0 g of...Ch. 5 - List the elements in the compound CF2Cl2 in order...
Ch. 5 - Determine the mass of potassium in 35.5 g of KBr....Ch. 5 - A compound is 52.14% C, 13.13% H, and 34.73% O by...Ch. 5 - A compound has the empirical formula CH2O and a...Ch. 5 - Combustion of 30.42 g of a compound containing...Ch. 5 - How do the properties of compounds compare to the...Ch. 5 - What is a chemical bond? Why do chemical bonds...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a...Ch. 5 - List and describe the different ways to represent...Ch. 5 - What is the difference between an empirical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5 - Prob. 7ECh. 5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5 - How can you use Lewis structures to determine the...Ch. 5 - What is lattice energy?Ch. 5 - Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - Prob. 13ECh. 5 - Prob. 14ECh. 5 - Prob. 15ECh. 5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5 - How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding...Ch. 5 - Explain howto nans molecular inorganic compounds.Ch. 5 - Prob. 20ECh. 5 - What is the formula mass for a compound? Why is it...Ch. 5 - Explain how the information in a chemical formula...Ch. 5 - What is mass percent composition? Why is it...Ch. 5 - Which kinds of conversion factors are inherent in...Ch. 5 - Which kind of chemical formula can be obtained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26ECh. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - Prob. 28ECh. 5 - Prob. 29ECh. 5 - Prob. 30ECh. 5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5 - Determine the empirical formula for the compound...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of each type of atom in each...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of each type of atom in each...Ch. 5 - Write a chemical formula for each molecular model....Ch. 5 - Prob. 36ECh. 5 - Prob. 37ECh. 5 - Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write...Ch. 5 - Prob. 39ECh. 5 - Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. S2-...Ch. 5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 43ECh. 5 - Prob. 44ECh. 5 - The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas...Ch. 5 - Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of-617...Ch. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Prob. 48ECh. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Prob. 50ECh. 5 - Prob. 51ECh. 5 - Prob. 52ECh. 5 - Prob. 53ECh. 5 - Prob. 54ECh. 5 - Prob. 55ECh. 5 - Prob. 56ECh. 5 - Prob. 57ECh. 5 - Prob. 58ECh. 5 - Prob. 59ECh. 5 - Prob. 60ECh. 5 - Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each...Ch. 5 - Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 63ECh. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - Prob. 66ECh. 5 - Name each compound. (Refer to the nomenclature...Ch. 5 - Prob. 68ECh. 5 - Prob. 69ECh. 5 - Prob. 70ECh. 5 - Calculate the formula mass for each compound. NO2...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - Calculate the number of moles in each sample 72.5...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass of each sample 15.7 mol HNO3...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles (of molecules or...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles (of molecules or...Ch. 5 - How many molecules are in each sample? 6.5 g H2O...Ch. 5 - Prob. 78ECh. 5 - Calculate the mass (in g) of each sample. 5.94 x...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass (in g) of each sample 4.5 x...Ch. 5 - A sugar crystal contains approximately 1.8 x 1017...Ch. 5 - A salt crystal has a mass of 0.12 mg. How many...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass percent composition of carbon...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen...Ch. 5 - Most fertilizers consist of nitrogen-containing...Ch. 5 - Iron in the earth is in the form of iron ore....Ch. 5 - Copper(ll) fluoride contains 37.42% F by mass....Ch. 5 - Silver chloride, often used in silver plating,...Ch. 5 - The iodide ion is a dietary mineral essential to...Ch. 5 - The American Dental Association recommends that an...Ch. 5 - Write a ratio showing the relationship between the...Ch. 5 - Write a ratio showing the relationship between the...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles of hydrogen atoms in...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles of oxygen atoms in...Ch. 5 - Calculate mass (in grams) of sodium in 8.5 g of...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass (in kilograms) of chlorine in...Ch. 5 - A chemist decomposes samples of several compounds;...Ch. 5 - A chemist decomposes samples of several compounds;...Ch. 5 - Calculate the empirical formula for each stimulant...Ch. 5 - Calculate the empirical formula for each natural...Ch. 5 - The elemental mass percent composition of...Ch. 5 - The elemental mass percent composition of ascorbic...Ch. 5 - A 0.77-mg sample of nitrogen reacts with chlorine...Ch. 5 - A 45.2-mg sample of phosphorus reacts with...Ch. 5 - The empirical formula and molar mass of several...Ch. 5 - The malar mass and empirical formula of several...Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of a hydrocarbon produced...Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of naphthalene, a hydrocarbon...Ch. 5 - The foul odor of rancid butter is due largely to...Ch. 5 - Tartaric acid is the white, powdery substance that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 111ECh. 5 - Prob. 112ECh. 5 - Prob. 113ECh. 5 - Prob. 114ECh. 5 - How many molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) (the...Ch. 5 - A drop of water has a volume of approximately 0.05...Ch. 5 - Determine the chemical formula of each compound...Ch. 5 - Determine the chemical formula of each compound...Ch. 5 - A Freon™ leak in the air conditioning system of an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 120ECh. 5 - A metal (M) forms a compound with the formula...Ch. 5 - A metal (M) forms an oxide with the formula M2O....Ch. 5 - Estradiol is a female sexual hormone that causes...Ch. 5 - Fructose is a common sugar found in fruit....Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of a 13.42-g sample of equilin...Ch. 5 - Prob. 126ECh. 5 - Epsom salts is a hydrated ionic compound with the...Ch. 5 - A hydrate of copper(ll) chloride has the following...Ch. 5 - A compound of molar mass 177 g/mol contains only...Ch. 5 - Researchers obtain the following data from...Ch. 5 - Find the total number of atoms in a sample of...Ch. 5 - Vanadium forms four different oxides in which the...Ch. 5 - The chloride of an unknown metal is believed to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 134ECh. 5 - A chromium-containing compound has the formula...Ch. 5 - Prob. 136ECh. 5 - Prob. 137ECh. 5 - Prob. 138ECh. 5 - A mixture of NaCI and NaBr has a mass of 2.00 g...Ch. 5 - Three pure compounds form when 1.00-g samples of...Ch. 5 - A mixture of CaCO3 and (NH4)2CO3is 61.9% CO3 by...Ch. 5 - A mixture of 50.0 g of S and 1.00 x 102 g of CI2...Ch. 5 - Because of increasing evidence of damage to the...Ch. 5 - A particular coal contains 2.55% sulfur by mass....Ch. 5 - Lead is found in Earth’s crust as several...Ch. 5 - A 2.52-g sample of a compound containing only...Ch. 5 - Prob. 147ECh. 5 - The elements X and Y form a compound that is 40% X...Ch. 5 - A compound of X and Y is 13 X by mass. The atomic...Ch. 5 - A mixture of carbon and sulfur has a mass of 9.0...Ch. 5 - When molecules are represented by molecular...Ch. 5 - Prob. 152ECh. 5 - Explain the problem with this statement and...Ch. 5 - Without doing any calculations, arrange the...
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- Use the periodic table and predict the number of electrons that will be lost or gained by the following elements as they change into simple ions. Write an equation using elemental symbols, ionic symbols, and electrons to represent each change. a.Mg b.silicon c.element 53 d.sulfurarrow_forwardSodium ions, Na+, form ionic compounds with fluoride ions, F, and iodide ions, I. The radii of these ions are as follows: Na+ = 116 pm; F = 119 pm; and l = 206 pm. In which ionic compound, NaF or Nal, are the forces of attraction between cation and anion stronger? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardContrast the two general types of chemical compounds in terms of their general physical properties.arrow_forward
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- The physical and chemical properties of a molecule depend on its structure. Here are two ball-and-stick models for two compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and different chemical properties. Ethanol Dimethyl etherarrow_forwardThe oxyacids containing oxygen (OO) and phosphorous (PP) are named differently than the oxyanions on which they are based. You have just learned that in general -ite endings are changed to -ous while -ate endings are changed to -ic when naming the acid. However, for the acids of oxyanions based on phosphorus, the root also changes. The roots for the oxyanions and oxyacids of phosphorus are shown below. oxyanion root: phosph oxyacid root: phosphor Although the exception exists for the root, the prefixes and suffixes of these oxyacids still follow the conventions for naming oxyacids. Using the table of oxyanions given in the transition before Part B and the roots shown above, give the name of the oxyacid H3PO3H3PO3 below. Spell out the full name of the acid.arrow_forwardThe name for the diatomic binary compound formed from fluorine and chlorine is chlorine monofluoride monochlorine monofluoride fluorine monochloride monofluorine monochloridearrow_forward
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