Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 3FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Diffusion refers to the movement of ions or molecules from high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion rate depends on the temperature and concentration gradient. Higher the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion and higher the concentration gradient higher the rate of diffusion. If any external factor does not interrupt, the diffusion can occur until the concentration becomes equal.
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Crossing a cell membrane by simple diffusion can be distinguished from facilitated
diffusion by which of the following:
Select all that apply.
Simple diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient while
facilitated diffusion moves molecules up a concentration gradient
Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins; facilitated diffusion
requires specific membrane proteins
Simple diffusion does not require energy; facilitated diffusion requires energy
Simple diffusion is not saturable; facilitated diffusion rates are limited by the
number of functional membrane proteins and can be saturated
Below are listed molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the list that most accurately predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (fastest to slowest) across a biological membrane.
alanine, propanol, sodium, estrogen
sodium, propanol, alanine, estrogen
estrogen, propanol, sodium, alanine
estrogen, propanol, alanine, sodium
The cytoplasm of a certain cell is composed of a
solution that is 98% water, 2% solutes. Consider the
solution shown in the beaker in this picture:
FOOE
OOS
Foor
solution.
[Select]
Cytoplasm is 98% water,
2% solutes.
The solution in the beaker would be considered
when compared to
[Select]
The plasma membrane is
impermeable to solutes.
Beaker solution
is 98% water,
2% solutes
the cell.
We would expect that the cell would
[Select]
if it was placed in the
would account for
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.1 - Researchers have recently discovered ion channels...Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Most snake venoms are nasty...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.2 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.2 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - explain how these junctions function and provide...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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- Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: a. diffusion; osmosis b. passive transport; active transport c. endocytosis; exocytosisarrow_forwardIn the fluid mosaic model: plasma membrane proteins orient their hydrophilic sides toward the internal bilayer. phospholipids often flip-flop between the inner and outer layers. the mosaic refers to proteins attached to the underlying cytoskeleton. the fluid refers to the phospholipid bilayer. the mosaic refers to the symmetry of the internal membrane proteins and sterols.arrow_forwardWhich plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure? a. protein b. cholesterol c. carbohydrate d. phospholipidarrow_forward
- Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be fluid in nature?arrow_forwardThe tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _____? a. phosphate groups; hydrophobic b. fatty acid groups; hydrophilic c. phosphate groups; hydrophilic d. fatty acid groups; hydrophobicarrow_forwardPut the following structures in order according to the pathway of a secreted protein: a. plasma membrane b. Golgi bodies c. endoplasmic reticulum d. post-Golgi vesiclesarrow_forward
- Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/diffusion) to see diffusion and how it is propelled by the kinetic energy of molecules in solution. How does temperature affect diffusion rate, and why?arrow_forwardCell membranes consist mainly of a _________. a. carbohydrate bilayer and proteins b. protein bilayer and phospholipids c. phospholipid bilayer and proteinsarrow_forwardFacilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated diffusion transports against a concentration gradient while active transport does not facilitated diffusion requires expenditure of energy while active transport does not active transport requires expenditure of energy while facilitated diffusion does not facilitated diffusion involves carrier proteins while active transport does not facilitated diffusion works against a concentration gradient while active transport works only with the concentration gradientarrow_forward
- Given what we know about diffusion / the cell membrane, what is able to diffuse and cannot diffuse across the cell membrane? Why? Must use words: hydrophobic, hydrophilic, ions, uncharged molecules, charged molecules. (Give specific examples for each)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about diffusion is correct? It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. It is very rapid over long distances. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.arrow_forwardDraw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license