Explanation Person S aged 37 with a body mass index (BMI) of 23 kg/m 2 and weighing 142lb (64.5 kg) is in her second pregnancy and expecting twins. In the first half of her pregnancy, her weight gain progress is poor due to nausea and vomiting, otherwise, it was a normal pregnancy. She was prescribed prenatal vitamin and mineral supplements by her midwife. At 25th week, she had a 14 pound weight gain and her nutritional assessment indicated that although her plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was below 24 nmol/L (implying low vitamin D status), there were no other nutrition-related problems. The BMI of Person S is 23 kg/m 2 , which implies that she falls under the category of normal weight woman. Since a normal woman is expected to gain a total weight of 17-25 kg with a midpoint of 21 kg during the entire course of her pregnancy. The weight she requires to gain is obtained by the following calculation: 64

A goal for Person S for weekly weight gain provided that the total pregnancy gain at the midpoint of the recommended range for weight gain in twin pregnancy is to be achieved. Introduction: In multi fetal pregnancy, weight gain and nutritional factors are important factors in determining the health of the mother. According to the Institute of Medicine, provisional weight gain during twin pregnancies is as follows: Current weight status of woman Weight gain (in kg) Normal weight 17-25 Overweight 14-23 Obese 11-19 Weight gain in twin pregnancy is a positive indicator of increased birth weight.

NUTRITION THROUGH LIFE CYCLE(LL)-TEXT

7th Edition

ISBN: 9781337919340

Author: Brown

Publisher: CENGAGE L

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Eating behaviors

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Chapter 5, Problem 3.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: A goal for Person S for weekly weight gain provided that the total pregnancy gain at the midpoint of the recommended range for weight gain in twin pregnancy is to be achieved.

Introduction: In multi fetal pregnancy, weight gain and nutritional factors are important factors in determining the health of the mother. According to the Institute of Medicine, provisional weight gain during twin pregnancies is as follows:

Current weight status of woman Weight gain (in kg)
Normal weight 17-25
Overweight 14-23
Obese 11-19

Weight gain in twin pregnancy is a positive indicator of increased birth weight.

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After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim feel that their chances of having a child with a cleft lip are increased over that of the general population? Sue and Tim were referred for genetic counseling after they inquired about the risk of having a child with a cleft lip. Tim was born with a mild cleft lip that was surgically repaired. He expressed concern that his future children could be at risk for a more severe form of clefting. Sue was in her 12th week of pregnancy, and both were anxious about the pregnancy because Sue had had a difficult time conceiving. The couple stated that they would not consider terminating the pregnancy for any reason but wanted to be prepared for the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. The genetic counselor took a three-generation family history from both Sue and Tim and found that Tim was the only person to have had a cleft lip. Sues family history showed no cases of cleft lip. Tim and Sue had several misconceptions about clefting, and the genetic counselor spent time explaining how cleft lips occur and some of the known causes of this birth defect. The following list summarizes the counselors discussion with the couple. Fathers, as well as mothers, can pass on genes that cause clefting. Some clefts are caused by environmental factors, meaning that the condition didnt come from the father or the mother. One child in 33 is born with some sort of birth defect. One in 700 is born with a cleft-related birth defect. Most clefts occur in boys; however, a girl can be born with a cleft. If a person (male or female) is born with a cleft, the chances of that person having a child with a cleft, given no other obvious factor, is 7 in 100. Some clefts are related to identifiable syndromes. Of those, some are autosomal dominant. A person with an autosomal dominant gene has a 50% probability of passing the gene to an offspring. Many clefts run in families even when there does not seem to be any identifiable syndrome present. Clefting seems to be related to ethnicity, occurring most often among Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans (1 : 500); next most often among persons of European ethnicity (1 : 700); and least often among persons of African origin (1 : 1,000). A cleft condition develops during the fourth to the eighth week of pregnancy. After that critical period, nothing the mother does can cause a cleft. Sometimes a cleft develops even before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a cleft. Women who ingest large quantities of vitamin A or low quantities of folic acid are more likely to have children with a cleft. In about 70% of cases, the fetal face is clearly visible using ultrasound. Facial disorders have been detected at the 15th gestational week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be precise and reliable in diagnosing fetal craniofacial conditions.

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