Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 2DQ
Consider the “atmospheric windows” of Earth’s atmosphere (Figure 5-2b). How do these match against the biological responses of animals and plants here on Earth? What do you think is the reason hr that’
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(b) Show that the equilibrium temperature of Venus is right for liquid water, given that it lies
= 3.85 × 1026 W) and assuming a
at a distance of d = 1.09 × 108 km from the Sun (Lo
mean albedo of 0.45. Explain why, in reality, Venus is too hot for liquid water.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - Prob. 3RQCh. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Prob. 5RQCh. 5 - Prob. 6RQCh. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1DQCh. 5 - Consider the “atmospheric windows” of Earth’s...Ch. 5 - The thickness of the plastic in plastic bags is...Ch. 5 - What is the wavelength of radio waves transmitted...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3PCh. 5 - Prob. 4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5PCh. 5 - Prob. 6PCh. 5 - H does the resolving power of the 5-rn telescope...Ch. 5 - If you build a telescope with a focal length of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9PCh. 5 - Prob. 10PCh. 5 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 5 - The star images in the photo in Figure UN 5-4 are...Ch. 5 - The X-ray image in Figure UN 5-5 shows the remains...
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- Propose an explanation for the nearly pure CO2 atmospheres of Venus and Mars. Why is Earths atmosphere different?arrow_forwardKnowing Earth’s rotational frequency W = 7.3 x 10-5 s-1 and the characteristic frequency 1/T=U/L of a particular oceanic motion based on its velocity (U), temporal (T) and spatial (L) scales, a) What is the non-dimensional Rossby Number and What does it mean if this parameter value is lower than one?arrow_forwardCO2 and planetary warming: understanding Earth’s complicated atmosphere Mars has an atmospheric pressure of 6 mbar (compared with Earth atmosphere pressure of 1013 mbar), 96% of which is CO2. The average calculated temperature of Mars is -57°C, whereas the actual average temperature is -55°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is only 2°C. On the other hand, the average calculated temperature of Earth, with 0.4 mbar of CO2, is -19°C, whereas the actual average temperature is 15°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is 34°C, much greater than that on Mars, which has higher CO2 concentration. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forward
- The number density of air in a child's balloon is roughly the same as sea level air, 1019 particles/cm3. If the balloon is now 16 cm in diameter, to what diameter (in km) would it need to expand to make the gas inside have the same number density as the ISM, about 1 particle/cm3?arrow_forwardDo you think the Moon could retain an atmosphere of nitrogen for the age of the Solar System? Explain why or why notarrow_forwardOne of our neighbours, Mars, has an average solar constant of SM = 589 Wm−2, an albedoof AM 0.24, and a surface temperature of -46◦C. What would its atmospheric emissivity, ϵM,need to be to achieve that surface temperature?arrow_forward
- Astronomers solved this puzzle when they observed a rare transit of Venus in front of the Sun (Figure 5). What could they learn about the planet’s atmosphere from this photo?arrow_forwardThe number density of air in a child's balloon is roughly the same as sea level air, 1019 particles/cm3. If the balloon is now 18 cm in diameter, to what diameter (in km) would it need to expand to make the gas inside have the same number density as the ISM, about 1 particle/cm3? (Hint: The volume of a sphere is 4/3?R3.)arrow_forward"How much does all the air in the world weigh?" Calculate the mass of Earth's atmosphere using the irrelevant space integral. (Hint: Density is shape P(r) = Poe-c(r-R) 1.225 kg/m³ and c = (In 10)/(17 km); the density drops to one-tenth in the 17 km distance. Integrals can be calculated with a suitable program.) (Answer: 5.10¹8 kg, or about 10-4% of the Earth's mass.) when r≥ R.Here R = 6370 km, po =arrow_forward
- Look at Figure 19-9. Rising from Earths surface to the cloud layer shown, does the temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same? How about from the clouds to the ozone layer? At about what altitude does the temperature change most abruptly, almost 400F in 30 km?arrow_forwardThe runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardWhy do small planets cool faster than large planets? Choose any two of the five Terrestrial worlds and calculate for each one the ratio of its surface area to its volume. Why is this ratio important? (Hint: Does this ratio have anything to do with the ability of a planet to lose internal heat?) (Note: The surface area of a sphere is 4r2, and the volume of a sphere is 43r3.)arrow_forward
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