Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The name of element, nuclear symbol,
Concept introduction:
An atom is the smallest unit of matter. This smallest unit exhibits properties of chemical element. An atom consists of three sub-atomic particles such as electrons, protons and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral in nature.

Answer to Problem 25E
The table on completion is shown below.
Name of Element |
Nuclear Symbol | Mass Number | Protons |
Neutrons |
Electrons |
|
Scandium | ||||||
Germanium | ||||||
Tin | ||||||
Chlorine | ||||||
Sodium |
Explanation of Solution
Atomic number is the number of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Mass number of a neutral atom is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons.
An atom is represented as shown below.
Where,
•
•
•
Calculation of number of neutrons is shown below.
Where,
•
•
The table to be filled is given below.
Name of Element |
Nuclear Symbol | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Protons |
Neutrons |
Electrons |
For first row, the number of electrons is equal to number of protons and atomic number that is
Substitute the value of
Therefore, mass number is
For second row, the nuclear symbol is
On comparison with the above stated atomic representation, atomic number of
Substitute the value of
Therefore, the number of neutrons is
For third row, The mass number is
Therefore, the atomic number is
For fourth row, the mass number is
The element is identified as Chlorine with nuclear symbol
For fifth row, the atomic number is
Therefore, the mass number is
The table on completion for the required values on the basis of atomic representation has been rightfully stated above.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
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