BIOL 105 LIVING WORLD CONNECT CARD
BIOL 105 LIVING WORLD CONNECT CARD
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260419979
Author: Johnson
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 5, Problem 1IA
Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether V increases as S increases in the given problem.

Introduction: It is given that French chemist Victor Henri discovered that the hypothesis saying an enzyme physically binds to its substrate is true.

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Victor Henri performed an experiment in which he keeps increasing the concentration of substrate (S) to observe the rate of reaction (V). It can be seen from the given graph that as the concentration of substrate increases, the reaction rate increases.

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether V increases steadily or by smaller and smaller amounts.

Introduction: The extra energy required to break chemical bonds to initiate a chemical reaction is termed as activation energy. Catalysts decrease the activation energy of the reaction and increase the rate of reaction.

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Explanation of Solution

The graph given in the problem shows that the reaction rate increases as the concentration of substrate increases. It can be observed that the reaction rate increases steadily with an increase in substrate concentration until trial. The reaction rate increases by smaller amounts after the trial.

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether there is a maximum reaction rate in the given problem.

Introduction: In a chemical reaction, a substrate is an original molecule that converts into a product at the end at a specific reaction rate.

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

It has been observed that the reaction rate increases by smaller amounts after trial. This means the reaction rate can increase till a particular concentration of the substrate. Therefore, there is a maximum reaction rate that is equal to the maximum substrate concentration used in the trial.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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