In a family with one autistic child the risk for another affected child is approximately 25 percent. This is the same level of risk that a couple who are each heterozygous for a recessive allele will have an affected child. What are the similarities and differences in these two situations?

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CS

In a family with one autistic child the risk for another affected child is approximately 25 percent. This is the same level of risk that a couple who are each heterozygous for a recessive allele will have an affected child. What are the similarities and differences in these two situations?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

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02:46

Students have asked these similar questions

Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What are some potential consequences that could result if the processes of replication, transcription, and translation don’t function correctly? Provide an example of how you might explain these consequences in terms that patients might understand.

answer questions 1-10

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CS

In a family with one autistic child the risk for another affected child is approximately 25 percent. This is the same level of risk that a couple who are each heterozygous for a recessive allele will have an affected child. What are the similarities and differences in these two situations?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

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02:46

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CS

In a family with one autistic child the risk for another affected child is approximately 25 percent. This is the same level of risk that a couple who are each heterozygous for a recessive allele will have an affected child. What are the similarities and differences in these two situations?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

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02:46

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CS

In a family with one autistic child the risk for another affected child is approximately 25 percent. This is the same level of risk that a couple who are each heterozygous for a recessive allele will have an affected child. What are the similarities and differences in these two situations?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

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02:46

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the cases-one autistic child in family raising the 25 % risk for another to develop autism and the heterozygous couple having an affected child.

Introduction: Autism is a severe developmental disorder in which the individual has impaired communication. The person faces challenges with social interaction, has obsessive interests and repetitive behaviors. The family which has one autistic child, the risk for another affected child gets raised by 25%. This is considered the same level of risk that a couple, both heterozygous for the recessive allele would have as they give rise to an affected child.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The similarity between the two situations is that both of them give rise to autism affected individual. The development of autism can be both genetic and environmental. In the case, where the presence of one autistic child in the family raises the risk by 25% for the second child to be affected with the disease, shows the environmental causes of the disorder. On the other hand, the presence of two heterozygous (for recessive allele) parents to produce an affected child, shows the genetic cause of disease.

The differences between the two situations are as follows:

No.	Characteristics	A family with already an autistic child	A couple heterozygous for recessive allele
1.	Cause of disease	The probability of the second child to have the disease shows the non-genetic cause of disease.	The probability of a child to develop autism from heterozygous parents shows a genetic form of the disease.
2.	Proposed mechanism for development of disease	The nongenetic cause of autism is neuroinflammation, where there is an abnormality in the white matter. The white matter acts as a wiring tissue for connecting areas of the brain.	The genetic cause of autism occurs when both the parents have one recessive allele for the disease. As a result, when an individual has the presence of both the recessive alleles, autism is developed.