Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 14PIAT
High-fructose corn syrup is produced by converting starch from com into a mixture of glucose and fructose monosaccharides. What two events must occur in this process in order to turn starch into these simple sugars?
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As sweet as sucrose is, an equimolar mixture of its constituent monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose, is sweeter. Besides enhancingsweetness, fructose has hygroscopic properties that improve the texture of foods, reducing crystallization and increasing moisture. In the food industry, hydrolyzed sucrose is called invert sugar, and the yeast enzymethat hydrolyzes it is called invertase. The hydrolysis reaction is generally monitored by measuring the specific rotation of the solution, which is positive (+66.4°) for sucrose, but becomes negative (inverts) as more D-glucose (specific rotation = +52.7°) and D-fructose (specific rotation = −92°) form. From what you know about the chemistry of the glycosidic bond, how would you hydrolyze sucrose to invert sugar nonenzymatically in a home kitchen?
Based on the structure of sucrose below, is it classified
as a reducing sugar?
ОН
6CH OH
5
5
ОН
3
6CH OH
a-Glucose
2
ОН
0.
ОН
HO
3
1
ОН
ОН
2
CH₂OH
1
B-Fructose
ОН
CH₂OH
ОН
CH₂OH
ОН
OH
НО
a, B (1-2)
linkage
CH₂OH
Sucrose
+ H2O
Consider the following statements:
(1) The term sugar is a general designation for both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
(2) The "penultimate carbon" in a monosaccharide is used to determine D- or L-configuration.
(3) Sucrose is a reducing sugar and lactose is a nonreducing sugar.
O Two of the three statements are true.
All three statements are true.
O Only one of the statements is true.
None of the statements are true.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 5 - 1. What are three ways monosaccharides differ from...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 5 - 4. What are the primary functions of carbohydrates...Ch. 5 - 8. Lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva,...Ch. 5 - SOCIETY Galactosemia is a potentially fatal...Ch. 5 - 10. If you hold a salty cracker in your mouth long...Ch. 5 - Sucrose is cleaved in your saliva by the enzyme...Ch. 5 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 5 - High-fructose corn syrup is produced by converting...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1) Please list all glycosidic linkages between each monosaccharide units. For example, α(1→4)2) Please discuss whether these oligo/polysaccharides would be reducing or non-reducing sugar. Remember to state your reasoning in complete sentence.arrow_forwardName which, if any, of the following are epimers of d-glucose: Dmannose, D-galactose, D-ribose.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the following monosaccharides (enantiomers, diastereomers, or epimers)? - D-glucose and L-glucose - D-glucose and D-allose - D-allose and D-altrose - D-altrose and D-glucosearrow_forward
- Glucose is a reducing sugar while sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. What could possibly be the chemical structure present in a sugar that renders it reducing or non-reducing?arrow_forwardRefer to the figure below. Determine whether the given descriptions between the relationship of glucose and galactose is correct or incorrect. * сно ÇHO H OH HO-H H- -OH HO-H HO H- H-OH ČH,OH D-Glucose -H -OH H- -он CH,OH D-Galactose CORRECT INCORRECT Glucose and galactose are both Aldohexoses They constitute the structure of the disaccharide maltose They are epimers at carbon 4 They are not mirror images of each other, neither an enantiomeric pairarrow_forwardIndicate which of the terms monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomers, and aldohexose applies to both members of each of the following pairs of substances. More than one term may apply to a given pair of substances. a-D-Glucose and a-D-galactose- Sucrose and cellobiose- Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone- D-Ribose and L-ribose-arrow_forward
- Classify each of the following sugar pairs as enantiomers, diastereomers, epimers, or an aldose–ketose pair. a. D-erythrose and D-threose b. D-glucose and D-mannose c. D-ribose and L-ribose d. D-allose and D-galactose e. D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetonearrow_forwardWhat is pentose ? Explain with examples ?arrow_forwardWhy are (+)glucose and (-)fructose both classified asD sugar.?arrow_forward
- Copper ions present in Benedict’s reagent react with the free end of any reducing sugars, such as glucose, when heated. Originally blue in color, these copper ions are reduced by the sugar and produce an orange-red colored precipitate. Alternatively, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) may also be used when working with starch. IKI contains special tri-iodine ions which interact with the coiled structure of a starch polymer. Prior to a reaction, the IKI displays a yellow-brown color; however, after reacting with starch, a dark purple or black color is presented. The molecule pictured below produced a blue color when tested with Benedict’s reagent, a yellow color when tested with IKI, and a violet color when tested with Biuret reagent. Based on the structure shown below and these chemical results, what kind of biomolecule is this?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the structures below? CHO CHO CHO -Н НО H НО н- ОН -Н - ОН CH2OH CAB All are structures of D-sugars. All are structures of ketohexoses. Only CAR is a monosaccharide. O Only CAP is a L-sugar. -ОН -ОН H-OH H-OH H- ОН CH₂OH CAR но-н H-OH н НО т н-он CH₂OH CAP CH₂OH Fo НО-Н H НО-Н H он CH₂OH CATarrow_forwardConsider the following statements: (1) Complete hydrolysis of a disaccharide produces only monosaccharides. (2) Dihydroxyacetone, galactose, and ribose are all hexoses. (3) Both amylopectin and glycogen are branched glucose polymers. Only one of the statements is true. Two of the three statements are true. All three statements are true. None of the statements are true.arrow_forward
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