Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 49, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Depressive illness includes major depressive disorders such as persistent low mood with changes in sleep, appetite, and energy, and also bipolar disorder. Psychotic episodes including hallucinations and delusions characterize schizophrenia condition.
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Which of the following is evidence against the idea that antidepressant drugs relieve depression simply by elevating neurotransmitter levels? a. The dose of drug necessary for relieving depression is greater than the amount necessary to elevate neurotransmitter levels. b. The drugs quickly affect levels of serotonin and other neurotransmitters but take weeks to alter mood. c. The drugs become less and less effective in relieving depression after weeks of use. d. Several procedures other than antidepressant drugs are also effective in relieving depression.
a. It is a mental condition in which a person has marked or extreme changes in mood. b. Deposit of amyloid proteins and low production of acetylcholine. c. It is that alteration of the state of mind characterized by alteration in serotonin and norepinephrine. d. It is a mental state that generates restlessness and insecurity and is accompanied by symptoms of tension. e.It is a group of chronic and severe mental disorders, often characterized by behaviors that are abnormal for the community, lack of perception of reality and significant social dysfunction. f.Deterioration of the substantia nigra. which as a result, decreases the production of dopamine.
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Which of the following is true about mixed moods?
a. they are relatively rare in children with bipolar disorder
b. they involve having elements of both mania and hypomania simultaneously
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Chapter 49 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 49 - The organization of an organisms nervous system...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2IQCh. 49 - Prob. 3IQCh. 49 - Identify the structures (a-g) in the following...Ch. 49 - Prob. 5IQCh. 49 - Action potentials are initiated more readily in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 49 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYK
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- Which among the following is NOT TRUE about schizophrenia in the DSM-5? a. The diagnosis of shared psychotic disorder from DSM-IV is omitted. b. The distinction between bizarre and non-bizarre delusion was eliminated in the domain of psychotic disorders. c. Hallucinations or delusions of disorganized speech must be present in the diagnosis of schizophrenia d. The distinction between subtypes of schizophrenia, such as paranoid type, hebephrenic type, etc. was remained. e. None of the choices.arrow_forwardChronic stress has been suggested to be a contributing factor to Major Depressive Disorder. Explain the mechanisms by which the nervous system triggers stress responses, giving examples of the structures and molecules involved in these responses. Discuss how chronic stress might contribute to Major Depressive Disorder. Explain and evaluate the evidence supporting a role for chronic stress in the disorder. Use figures and diagrams to illustrate your answer (This is a neuroscience question)arrow_forwardWhat characterizes major depressive disorders a. Compromised homeostasis in prefrontal cortical-limbic circuitry b. Heavy involvement of basal ganglia c. Strengthened connections from the thalamus to the nucleus accumbens d. Decreased activity in the central gray (PAG) circuitsarrow_forward
- Name three families of drugs used to treat depression.arrow_forwardWhy do many patients with neurodevelopmental disorders develop secondary disorders? a. Their genes predispose them to schizophrenia. b. Stimulant medications cause new behavioral disorders. c. Behavioral therapies only improve neurodevelopmental disorders. d. Dysfunction in the brain can affect many aspects of the body.arrow_forwardThe biogenic amine hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests: Question 43 options: a) That changes in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, underlies the pathologic process in schizophrenia b) That a decrease in the amount of glutamate in the brain underlies the pathological process in schizophrenia c) That dysfunctional parenting in early childhood is an underlying pathological process towards the development of schizophrenia d) That highly expressed emotion, negative communication patterns, and emotionally involved families increase dopamine release, thereby causing schizophreniaarrow_forward
- Discuss what we know about both of the two main hypotheses (potential targets) for the origin of schizophrenia. LTP is the part of the learning process by which our synapses are strengthened. Using the example of hippocampal circuitry (LP can happen elsewhere in the brain), 1) draw and label the hippocampal circuitry, indicating the direction of the signaling, 2) describe the conditions required for LTP, and 3) draw a graph to show how EPSP magnitude is affected and explain what the long term implications are.arrow_forwardDistinguish the pros and cons in using conventional versus atypical antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia, and explain why atypical antipsychotics are the treatment of choice.arrow_forwardTypical antipsychotic drugs exert their therapeutic effects on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by which of the following mechanisms? Question 49 options: a) Blocking the reuptake of dopamine, increasing the amount of dopamine in the synapse b) Stimulating dopamine D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex c) Binding to dopamine D2 receptors and inhibiting dopamine signalling d) Decreasing the production of dopamine in the basal gangliaarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a common characteristic in typical chronic stress and PTSD? a. Reduced hippocampal activity b. Elevated amygdala activity c. Elevated sympathetic activity d. Reduced cortisol levelarrow_forwardWhat do you think are its potential benefits of optogenetics to treat bipolar disorder? What concerns do you have about its use in treating bipolar disorder? On the whole, do you think the benefits outweigh the risks, and will this help us to better understand bipolar disorder? Please explain.arrow_forwardAt high doses of stimulants, people who abuse stimulants may exhibit behaviors that mimic schizophrenia. How would you describe the behaviors they exhibit?. What changes neurochemically may be the cause of these behaviors?arrow_forward
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