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Introduction: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also called vasopressin. ADH play role in controlling the amount of water that is resorbed into the blood. The rate at which the glomerulus forms the filtrate is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: If a person drinks excess water, the concentration of ADH in the blood would decrease and GFR would increase. Hence, the correct answer is option e.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
On drinking excess water, there will be an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. This occurs due to an increase in the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries. If a person drinks excess water, ADH will not be secreted in blood; rather the body of the person will try to remove excess water by decreasing ADH to reduce water resorption.
Option e. is given as “Both b and d would occur”.
If a person consumes excess water, ADH concentration in the blood would decrease and GFR would increase. Hence, the correct answer is option e.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “The GFR would decrease”.
When water consumed by a person is excess, glomerular filtration rate will increase due to an increase in the hydrostatic pressure. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “The concentration of ADH in the blood would decrease”.
ADH increases resorption of water from the distal convoluted tubule into the circulatory fluid. If a person drinks excess water, ADH will not be secreted in blood; rather the body of the person will try to remove excess water by decreasing ADH to reduce water resorption. In such a case, excess urine will also be produced due to an increased GFR. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “The concentration of ADH in the blood would increase”.
ADH helps in the resorption of water. Increase in the level of ADH is seen when a person faces dehydration and not when a person has consumed an excess of water. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “GFR would increase”.
On drinking excess water, the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries will increase. This will lead to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. In such a case, excess urine will be produced due to an increased GFR. The body will also try to remove excess water by decreasing ADH, thereby reducing water resorption Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c. and d. are incorrect.
On drinking too much water, the ADH levels will decrease in the blood and urine formation will be higher due to an increase in the GFR.
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