Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48.3, Problem 2CC
In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros, hard), a person's myelin sheaths harden and deteriorate. How would this affect nervous system function?
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In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros, hard), a person’s myelin sheaths harden and deteriorate. How wouldthis affect nervous system function?
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CNS = Central Nervous System
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Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Demyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardmultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the patient's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. what types of symptoms would you expect from such a disease? why? would Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes be affected? explainarrow_forwardThe backflow of a nerve impulse is prevented by the fact that at a chemical synapse, the axon terminal does not have neurotransmitter receptors and dendrites cannot secrete neurotransmitter chemicals. What does this statement tell you about the direction of nerve impulses in neurons?arrow_forward
- In a disease called GB syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. What is a possible effect that this will have on nerve impulse and muscle function.arrow_forwardMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder that causes the destruction of myelin sheaths surrounding neurons. People with MS display many symptoms, including slurred speech, double vision, and poor muscle coordination. What is the direct effect of MS on nerve impulse transmission? Select one: The movement of impulses along neurons is slower than normal. Dendrites cannot be stimulated by acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not generated in neurons. The threshold level of stimulation for neurons is greater than normal. Axons cannot sectete acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not able to travel across synapses. Oarrow_forwardsometimes the terms neuron and nerve are mistakenly used interchangeably. explain the difference between the two structures.arrow_forward
- Action potentials are changes in membrane potential that are localized to a small area of the plasma membrane. However, an action potential can trigger the formation of a new action potential nearby. This cycle can repeat to produce conduction of the action potential down the length of the axon. Explain this process.arrow_forwardMany neurons have only a single axon, but many terminals at the end of the axon. How does this end structure of the axon support its function?arrow_forwardNeuroglia or glial cell that produce myelin around axons of the central nervous system are known asarrow_forward
- Unmyelinated axons conduct action potentials without decrement, but when myelinated axons lose myelin in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, conduction of action potentials is blocked. Why?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis is a degenerative disease that causes the progressive breakdown of the myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons. Which of the following best describes the likely effect of cystic fibrosis on neuronal function? A B C D an inhibition in the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal a decrease in the conduction speed of the action potential along neuronal axons an unstoppable generation of action potential in affected neurons an inhibition in the generation of action potentials at neuronal dendritesarrow_forwardExplain how a nervous impulse is transmitted along the axon of a nerve cell, including the transmission across the junction between one neurone and the next. (Chemical impulse not electrical)arrow_forward
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