Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 47, Problem 5DA
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Chapter 47 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.1 - Compare evolutionary strategies for maximizing gas...Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Describe the breathing cycle of birds.Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47.5 - Describe the structure of hemoglobin.Ch. 47.5 - Predict hemoglobins oxygen affinity in various...Ch. 47.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47 - Prob. 1DACh. 47 - Prob. 2DACh. 47 - Prob. 3DACh. 47 - Prob. 4DACh. 47 - For a given PO2, how does oxyhemoglobin saturation...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1IQCh. 47 - Prob. 2IQCh. 47 - Prob. 1UCh. 47 - Increased efficiency of gas exchange in...Ch. 47 - Prob. 3UCh. 47 - Prob. 4UCh. 47 - Ficks Law of Diffusion states the rate of...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6UCh. 47 - Prob. 7UCh. 47 - Prob. 8UCh. 47 - When you take a deep breath, your stomach moves...Ch. 47 - Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for...Ch. 47 - Countercurrent flow systems do not occur in lungs...Ch. 47 - Respiratory organs of invertebrates and...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5ACh. 47 - During exercise more oxygen is delivered to the...Ch. 47 - Compare the operation and efficiency of fish gills...Ch. 47 - What happens when, during exercise, the oxygen...Ch. 47 - Explain how bacteria, archaea, protists, and many...
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- How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen partial pressure gradient during gas transport in the body?arrow_forwardWhat is oxyhemoglobin? Where does it form?arrow_forwardUnder appropriate denaturing conditions, hemoglobin can dissociate into four separate subunits. An isolated alpha subunit binds oxygen, but the O2-saturation curve is hyperbolic rather than sigmoid. In addition, the binding of oxygen to an isolated alpha subunit is not affected by the presence of H+, CO2, or BPG. What do these observations indicate about the source of the cooperativity in hemoglobin?arrow_forward
- Calculate the fractional saturation for hemoglobin when the partial pressure of oxygen is 80 mm Hg. Assume hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen at a partial pressure of 24 mm Hg and that the Hill coefficient is 3.arrow_forwardUnder appropriate conditions, hemoglobin dissociates into its four subunits. The isolated α subunit binds oxygen, but the O2 -saturation curve ishyperbolic rather than sigmoid. In addition, the binding of oxygen to the isolated α subunit is not affected by the presence of H+, CO2 , or BPG. What do these observations indicate about the source of the cooperativity in hemoglobin?arrow_forwardx The Bohr effect describes the impact of changes in serum pH and CO2 concentrations on the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin. This effect is physiologically important because it allows the body to adapt to changing conditions and provide enough oxygen to different types of tissues. **Plot the curves of hemoglobin oxygen saturation for patients in conditions of acidosis (serum pH below 7.34) and alkalosis (serum pH higher than 7.45) and compare it to the one in normal conditions. ** **When tissues, such as muscle tissue, are performing large amounts of strenuous activity the increase in metabolic activity produces CO2 as waste. Once in the bloodstream the enzyme carbonic anhydrase speeds up the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons. How does this affect the release of oxygen to the tissues?** **2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is an allosteric inhibitor of oxygen binding to hemoglobin. Acclimatization to high altitude involves numerous physiological and biochemical changes,…arrow_forward
- Suppose you visit the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India (elevation 1460 m),and you begin to ponder the “big questions,” such as “What is the fractionalsaturation of the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin?”(a) Assuming the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin has a Hill coefficient = 3.2,and a P50 = 31 mm Hg, calculate the change in fractional O2 saturationof his hemoglobin going from his lungs (where PO2 = 85 mm Hg) to hiscapillaries (where PO2 = 25 mm Hg).(b) Why do you suppose the Dalai Lama’s hemoglobin has a P50 higher thannormal (where “normal” = 27 mm Hg)?arrow_forwardBelow is the equation that represents O2 binding to hemoglobin. Hb+4O2⇌Hb(O2)According to Le Chatelier’s principle, which form of the hemoglobin (Hb or Hb(O2)4) is predominant in the lungs where the partial pressure of oxygen is high? Explain. I need help answering thisarrow_forwardBelow is a fractional saturation curve for O₂ binding to adult hemoglobin. Assume that curve Y represents a condition at pH 7.4 and with a normal physiological level of 2,3-BPG. Curve X represents a condition that Fractional saturation (0) 0.2 0.0 0 Tissue PO, (kPa) 12 Lungsarrow_forward
- Use the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to determine hemoglobin saturation/O2 content at various pO2 and/or pH levels.arrow_forwardSelect the hemoglobin variant(s) that are described by each statement. (a) The variant least likely to cause pathological symptoms. (b) The variant(s) likely to show pl values different from that of HbA on an isoelectric focusing gel. (c) The variant most likely to show a decrease in BPG binding and an increase in the overall affinity of the hemoglobin for oxygen. Answer Bank Hb Milwaukee Hb Cowtown Hb Memphis Hb Philly Hb Providence Hb Bibba HbSarrow_forwardAfter spending a day or more at high altitude (with an oxygen partial pressure of 75 torr), the concentration of 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in red blood cells increases. What effect would an increased concentration of 2,3-BPG have on the oxygen-binding curve for hemoglobin? Why would this adaptation be beneficial for functioning well at high altitude?arrow_forward
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