Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 46, Problem 5TY
Insulin primarily regulates the blood glucose concentration by
- a. stimulating the recruitment of GLUTs from the cytosol to the plasma membrane for transport of glucose from extracellular to intracellular fluid.
- b. stimulating gluconeogenesis.
- c. suppressing glucose uptake by muscle tissue.
- d. stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen reserves in the liver.
- e. inhibiting the synthesis of new GLUTs
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Which of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstream
Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices
a. Glycogen synthesis is activated
b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated
c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane
d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels
f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell
g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts
h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivated
Define the following terms: a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis b. insulin resistance c. JNK d. PKCθ e. PKCε
Chapter 46 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 46.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 46.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.3 - Can the relationship between body size and...Ch. 46.3 - What observation led to the experiments conducted...Ch. 46.3 - CoreSKILL How did the experimental linking of the...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 46.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 46 - Gluconeogenesis a. occurs when the liver...Ch. 46 - Prob. 3TYCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYCh. 46 - Insulin primarily regulates the blood glucose...Ch. 46 - Prob. 6TYCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYCh. 46 - Prob. 8TYCh. 46 - Prob. 9TYCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYCh. 46 - Prob. 1CQCh. 46 - Prob. 2CQCh. 46 - Prob. 3CQCh. 46 - Prob. 1COQCh. 46 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Which of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? a. Insulin can increase glycogen synthesis. b. The presence of insulin can increase glucose uptake. c. Insulin can increase the secretion of epinephrine. d. It is secreted by the beta cell of pancreas. e. Glucose in blood can up-regulate the secretion of insulin.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about insulin is true? a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, cany in g glucose across the cell membrane. b. Insulin facilitates the movement of inti acellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is NOT a metabolic effect of glucagon secretion? Select one: a. Increase in gluconeogenesis. b. Increased glycogenolysis. c. Increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase. d. Increased amino acid uptake by the muscles.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about insulin is not true? a. The insulin receptor has tyrosine kinase activity. b. Insulin increases fat synthesis in adipose cells. c. Insulin increases glycogen synthesis d. Insulin increases gluconeogenesis reactions.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is NOT true? a. Gluconeogenesis is to make glucose from glycogen. b. Many of the reactions of gluconeogenesis are glycolytic reactions going in reverse. c. The process of gluconeogenesis consumes ATP. d. The process of gluconeogenesis is regulated by ATP. e. Gluconeogenesis maintains the blood glucose level long after all dietary glucose has been absorbed and oxidized.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the integration of fat and carbohydrate metabolism control is correct? a. High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b. High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipogenesis in liver. c. Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes. d. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters are recruited to their functional membrane site when insulin levels are lowarrow_forward
- Glucagon: a. Increases glucose transport to skeletal muscle cells b. Increases glycogen synthesis in liver cells c. Inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver d. Increases cellular cAMP level e. Inhibits glucose synthesis in hypoglycemiaarrow_forwardWhich of the following classes of compounds stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells? a. Thiourylenes b. Biguanides c. Progestins d. Sulfonylureas e. α-Glucosides inhibitorsarrow_forwardChronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.arrow_forward
- All of the following increase insulin secretion/production EXCEPT: Select one or more: a. Increased intracellular Ca²+ levels O b. Acetylcholine O C. Ghrelin O d. High carbohydrate meal e. Incretins O f. Sometostatinarrow_forwardGlycogenesis occurs in both muscle and liver. Select one: O True O False Glycogen is released from the muscle due to increased CAMP due to: Select one: O a. Growth hormone O b. Epinephrine O c. Thyroxine O d. Glucagon UDP-Glucose is converted to UDP-glucoronic acid by: Select one: O a. NADP O b. ATP O c. GTP O d. FAD O e. NAD In the fasted state gluconeogenesis is promote by which enzyme Select one: O a. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate induced stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 O b. Acteyl CoA induced stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase O c. Citrate induced stimulation of Acetyl CoA decarboxylase Glyconeogenesis prevents hypoglycemia during prolonged fasting. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardMany diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?arrow_forward
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