The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined. Concept Introduction: Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number , the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table. In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group. There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows, Group-1 → Alkali metal Group-2 → Alkaline metals Group-16 → Chalcogens Group-17 → Halogens Group-18 → Noble gases Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z . The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element. Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation. Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion. The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element. Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom. The rules followed by the electrons are as follows, The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital( Aufbau principle) , pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled ( Hund’s Rule ) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers ( Pauli’s Exclusion Principle ).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

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1. Show the steps necessary to make 2-methyl-4-nonene using a Wittig reaction. Start with triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide. After that you may use any other organic or inorganic reagents. 2. Write in the product of this reaction: CH3 CH₂ (C6H5)₂CuLi H₂O+

3. Name this compound properly, including stereochemistry. H₂C H3C CH3 OH 4. Show the step(s) necessary to transform the compound on the left into the acid on the right. Bri CH2 5. Write in the product of this LiAlH4 Br H₂C OH

What are the major products of the following reaction? Please provide a detailed explanation and a drawing to show how the reaction proceeds.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 6

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 7

Chapter 4.5, Problem 8PPA

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic Table: The available chemical elements are arranged considering their atomic number, the electronic configuration and their properties. The elements placed on the left of the table are metals and non-metals are placed on right side of the table.

In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.

There are seven periods and 18 groups present in the table and some of those groups are given special name as follows,

Group-1→Alkali metalGroup-2→Alkaline metalsGroup-16→ChalcogensGroup-17→HalogensGroup-18→Noble gases

Atomic Number: Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.

Electronic configuration: It is used to represent the distribution of electrons placed over orbitals that present in the atom.

The rules followed by the electrons are as follows,

The electrons gets distributed strictly following the order starting from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital(Aufbau principle), pairing of electrons in subshell starts only when all the orbitals in the subshell are singly filled (Hund’s Rule) and finally, no two electrons that have same set of quantum numbers (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle).

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1WE Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPA Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.1SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.2SR Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.3SR Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2WE Ch. 4.2 - Without using a periodic table, give the...Ch. 4.2 - Identify the elements represented by (a)...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the electronic configuration for the given ions should be determined.

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