1 SEM ACC W/RAVEN CARDED
1 SEM ACC W/RAVEN CARDED
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781265486297
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 45, Problem 1S
Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether it would be better to make a space-exploration vehicle with a hydrostatic skeleton or an exoskeleton for a planet with gravity greater than Earth and why.

Introduction:

In hydrostatic skeleton, the animal’s body has a fluid-filled cavity. Contraction of this cavity helps in locomotion like in earthworms. However, in the animals with an exoskeleton, the body has a hard protective outer layer made of chitin called the exoskeleton like in insects.

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3) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking muscle mitochondrial ATP production would result in the inability of the muscle to make ATP from ___________. a. creatine phosphate b. anaerobic glycolysis c. aerobic respiration d. All of the above e. None of the above
2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum would most directly prevent which the following? a. activation of tropomyosin b. activation of troponin c. activation of actin d. All of the above e. None of the above
You are the biomedical engineer in charge of a project to design novel materials to replace the following; i) hip bone ii) Lumbar disc (a) What ideal material (s) will you choose for these applications? Justify your choice(s). (b) How will you test for the mechanical properties of the new materials? (c) Using a suitable stress-strain curve, describe the mechanical properties of the new materials; (d) What are the advantages of the new materials? (e) What are the disadvantages of the new materials?
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