Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 5TYU
Considering that sounds and odors both trigger changes in the patterns of action potentials in sensory neurons, how does the brain perceive which sense is which when the action potentials reach the brain?
a. The action potentials stimulated by sounds are different in size and shape from those stimulated by odors.
b. The axons from different sensory neurons go to different areas of the brain.
c. Mechanoreception is not consciously perceived by the brain, whereas chemoreception is.
d. Chemoreception is not consciously perceived by the brain, whereas mechanoreception is.
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Why is a retinal defect, such as retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision, associated with night blindness?
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 44 - 1. In the human ear, how do different hair cells...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44 - 3. Which of the following statements about taste...Ch. 44 - What type of sensory system do migrating birds use...Ch. 44 - Considering that sounds and odors both trigger...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - 7. Compare and contrast the lateral line system of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 44 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Design experiments to test the...
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- Input to the human visual cortex comes from cones and rods (by way of ganglion cells) in what proportion? a. About 95 percent of input to the cortex comes from rods. b. About 50 percent comes from rods and 50 percent from cones. c. About 90 percent of input to the cortex comes from cones.arrow_forwardWhat early experience is necessary to maintain binocular input to the neurons of the visual cortex? a. Cortical cells will always maintain binocular responsiveness, regardless of their experience. b. Cortical cells must receive some input to each eye every day. c. Cortical cells must receive an equal amount of input from the two eyes. d. Cortical cells must usually receive simultaneous input from the two eyes.arrow_forwardWhat function do the malleus, incus, and stapes bones in the inner ear play in processing sounds? A. The bones transform pressure waves into nerve impulses that the brain recognizes as sound. B. The bones equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere. C. The bones transmit vibrations to the oval window setting the fluid in the cochlea in motion. D. The bones depolarize or hyperpolarize hair cells depending on the direction they vibrate.arrow_forward
- Jude is suffering from a severe cold. His nose has been stopped up for several days. What effect, if any, might his cold have on his sense of taste? a. His sense of taste will be increased since he isn’t receiving additional sensory input from his smell. b. His sense of taste will be dulled since taste and smell often work together. c. His sense of taste will get better but not until 48 hours after he loses his sense of smell. d. His sense of taste will be no better or worse since the senses of taste and smell are completely separate.arrow_forwardAs we progress from bipolar cells to ganglion cells to later cells in the visual system, what happens to the size of receptive fields? a. They become larger. b. They become smaller. c. They stay the same size. d. They vary in size unpredictably.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by blindsight? a. Some people with damage to the primary visual cortex accurately guess the location or other properties of objects they say they don’t see. b. Blind people learn to find their way around by making sounds and listening for echoes. c. Blind people on average develop enhancements of hearing, touch, and other senses. d. After damage to the eyes, other body parts become sensitive to light. e. Incorrect hindsight.arrow_forward
- Hair cell vibrations that open and close ion channels in the membrane are the basis of which sensory process? a. hearing b. vision c. smell d. taste Which of the following is NOT associated with depression? a. Elevated angiotensin II b. Elevated glutamate c. Elevated glucocorticoidsarrow_forwardWhat aspect of the neural circuity in the pupillary light reflex is responsible for the consensual response? a. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons project their axons to neurons in the ciliary ganglion. b.Pretectum neurons send axons to the Edinger-Westfall nuclei on both sides of the brain. c. Neurons in the ciliary ganglion innervate the constrictor muscle in the iris, which decreases the diameter of the pupil when activated. d. The muscles in the iris encircle the pupillary opening so that light enters in the center of the eye. e. The ciliary muscles contract concentrically to release the tension in the zonule fibers.arrow_forwardWhich statement is FALSE? A. The basilar membrane fibers nearer the oval window are long and fluffy B. Sound signals are processed by the resonance of the basilar membrane before reaching the receptors C. Different frequencies of pressure waves in the cochlea cause specific places along the basilar membrane to vibrate, stimulating particular hair cells and sensory neurons. D. None of the choicesarrow_forward
- In complete darkness, why are there no neural signals being sent to the brain by the retinal ganglion cells? A. glutamate release from rods stimulates the retinal ganglion cells B. glutamate release from rods stimulates bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cells C. glutamate release from rods is reduced which then fails to excite retinal ganglion cells D. glutamate release from rods inhibits the bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cellsarrow_forwardThe receptors for sweet, bitter, and umami tastes all resemble which of these? A. Metabotropic synaptic receptors B. The rods in the retina C. The hair cells of the auditory system D. Endocrine glandsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements explains why vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light?a. Cones are more responsive in dim light.b. There are more rods than cones in the eye.c. Many rods converge on a single ganglion.d. The dilated pupil lets in more light than the lens can focus.arrow_forward
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