Linear CombinationsIn Exercises 1-4, write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors in
S
(if possible).
S
=
{
(
6
,
−
7
,
8
,
6
)
,
(
4
,
6
,
−
4
,
1
)
}
(
a
)
u
=
(
2
,
19
,
−
16
,
−
4
)
(
b
)
v
=
(
49
2
,
99
4
,
−
14
,
19
2
)
(
c
)
w
=
(
−
4
,
−
14
,
27
2
,
53
8
)
(
d
)
z
=
(
8
,
4
,
−
1
,
17
4
)
Quantities that have magnitude and direction but not position. Some examples of vectors are velocity, displacement, acceleration, and force. They are sometimes called Euclidean or spatial vectors.
Let
2
A =
4
3
-4
0
1
(a) Show that v =
eigenvalue.
()
is an eigenvector of A and find the corresponding
(b) Find the characteristic polynomial of A and factorise it. Hint: the answer to (a)
may be useful.
(c) Determine all eigenvalues of A and find bases for the corresponding eigenspaces.
(d) Find an invertible matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that P-¹AP = D.
(c) Let
6
0 0
A =
-10 4 8
5 1 2
(i) Find the characteristic polynomial of A and factorise it.
(ii) Determine all eigenvalues of A and find bases for the corresponding
eigenspaces.
(iii) Is A diagonalisable? Give reasons for your answer.
most 2, and let
Let P2 denote the vector space of polynomials of degree at
D: P2➡ P2
be the transformation that sends a polynomial p(t) = at² + bt+c in P2 to its derivative
p'(t)
2at+b, that is,
D(p) = p'.
(a) Prove that D is a linear transformation.
(b) Find a basis for the kernel ker(D) of the linear transformation D and compute its
nullity.
(c) Find a basis for the image im(D) of the linear transformation D and compute its
rank.
(d) Verify that the Rank-Nullity Theorem holds for the linear transformation D.
(e) Find the matrix representation of D in the standard basis (1,t, t2) of P2.
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