
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Reason for the use of hydraulic method rather than dynamite for fracking have to be explained. Also the meaning of the term hydraulic has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to extract natural gas and petroleum buried deep under the rock. In this method a ‘fracking fluid’ that contain mainly water sand and other chemicals, is injected at high pressure through the rocks. It will create fracture in rock and the substance used in the fracking fluid helps keeping the fracture open. Through the crack natural gas and petroleum comes out.
Dynamite is a highly explosive material made of nitroglycerin. Dynamite is used in mining, construction processes.
(b)
Interpretation:
The amount of water injected to the well has to be noted and also the ingredients in the cocktail of that water have to be mentioned.
Concept Introduction:
Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to extract natural gas and petroleum buried deep under the rock. In this method a ‘fracking fluid’ that contain mainly water sand and other chemicals, is injected at high pressure through the rocks. It will create fracture in rock and the substance used in the fracking fluid helps keeping the fracture open. Through the crack natural gas and petroleum comes out.
(c)
Interpretation:
Methods to handle the waste water have to be mentioned.
Concept Introduction:
Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to extract natural gas and petroleum buried deep under the rock. In this method a ‘fracking fluid’ that contain mainly water sand and other chemicals, is injected at high pressure through the rocks. It will create fracture in rock and the substance used in the fracking fluid helps keeping the fracture open. Through the crack natural gas and petroleum comes out.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Laboratory Manual Chemistry in Context
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